\ Gforth primitives \ Copyright (C) 1995,1996,1997,1998,2000,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011 Free Software Foundation, Inc. \ This file is part of Gforth. \ Gforth is free software; you can redistribute it and/or \ modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License \ as published by the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 \ of the License, or (at your option) any later version. \ This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, \ but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of \ MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the \ GNU General Public License for more details. \ You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License \ along with this program. If not, see http://www.gnu.org/licenses/. \ WARNING: This file is processed by m4. Make sure your identifiers \ don't collide with m4's (e.g. by undefining them). \ \ \ \ This file contains primitive specifications in the following format: \ \ forth name ( stack effect ) category [pronunciation] \ [""glossary entry""] \ C code \ [: \ Forth code] \ \ Note: Fields in brackets are optional. Word specifications have to \ be separated by at least one empty line \ \ Both pronounciation and stack items (in the stack effect) must \ conform to the C identifier syntax or the C compiler will complain. \ If you don't have a pronounciation field, the Forth name is used, \ and has to conform to the C identifier syntax. \ \ These specifications are automatically translated into C-code for the \ interpreter and into some other files. I hope that your C compiler has \ decent optimization, otherwise the automatically generated code will \ be somewhat slow. The Forth version of the code is included for manual \ compilers, so they will need to compile only the important words. \ \ Note that stack pointer adjustment is performed according to stack \ effect by automatically generated code and NEXT is automatically \ appended to the C code. Also, you can use the names in the stack \ effect in the C code. Stack access is automatic. One exception: if \ your code does not fall through, the results are not stored into the \ stack. Use different names on both sides of the '--', if you change a \ value (some stores to the stack are optimized away). \ \ For superinstructions the syntax is: \ \ forth-name [/ c-name] = forth-name forth-name ... \ \ \ The stack variables have the following types: \ \ name matches type \ f.* Bool \ c.* Char \ [nw].* Cell \ u.* UCell \ d.* DCell \ ud.* UDCell \ r.* Float \ a_.* Cell * \ c_.* Char * \ f_.* Float * \ df_.* DFloat * \ sf_.* SFloat * \ xt.* XT \ f83name.* F83Name * \E stack data-stack sp Cell \E stack fp-stack fp Float \E stack return-stack rp Cell \E \E get-current prefixes set-current \E \E s" Bool" single data-stack type-prefix f \E s" Char" single data-stack type-prefix c \E s" Cell" single data-stack type-prefix n \E s" Cell" single data-stack type-prefix w \E s" UCell" single data-stack type-prefix u \E s" DCell" double data-stack type-prefix d \E s" UDCell" double data-stack type-prefix ud \E s" Float" single fp-stack type-prefix r \E s" Cell *" single data-stack type-prefix a_ \E s" Char *" single data-stack type-prefix c_ \E s" Float *" single data-stack type-prefix f_ \E s" DFloat *" single data-stack type-prefix df_ \E s" SFloat *" single data-stack type-prefix sf_ \E s" Xt" single data-stack type-prefix xt \E s" struct F83Name *" single data-stack type-prefix f83name \E s" struct Longname *" single data-stack type-prefix longname \E \E data-stack stack-prefix S: \E fp-stack stack-prefix F: \E return-stack stack-prefix R: \E inst-stream stack-prefix # \E \E set-current \E store-optimization on \E ' noop tail-nextp2 ! \ now INST_TAIL just stores, but does not jump \E \E `include-skipped-insts' on \ static superinsts include cells for components \E \ useful for dynamic programming and \E \ superinsts across entry points \ \ \ \ In addition the following names can be used: \ ip the instruction pointer \ sp the data stack pointer \ rp the parameter stack pointer \ lp the locals stack pointer \ NEXT executes NEXT \ cfa \ NEXT1 executes NEXT1 \ FLAG(x) makes a Forth flag from a C flag \ \ \ \ Percentages in comments are from Koopmans book: average/maximum use \ (taken from four, not very representative benchmarks) \ \ \ \ To do: \ \ throw execute, cfa and NEXT1 out? \ macroize *ip, ip++, *ip++ (pipelining)? \ Stack caching setup ifdef(`STACK_CACHE_FILE', `include(STACK_CACHE_FILE)', `include(cache0.vmg)') \ these m4 macros would collide with identifiers undefine(`index') undefine(`shift') undefine(`symbols') \F 0 [if] \ run-time routines for non-primitives. They are defined as \ primitives, because that simplifies things. (docol) ( -- R:a_retaddr ) gforth-internal paren_docol ""run-time routine for colon definitions"" #ifdef NO_IP a_retaddr = next_code; INST_TAIL; goto **(Label *)PFA(CFA); #else /* !defined(NO_IP) */ a_retaddr = (Cell *)IP; SET_IP((Xt *)PFA(CFA)); #endif /* !defined(NO_IP) */ (docon) ( -- w ) gforth-internal paren_docon ""run-time routine for constants"" w = *(Cell *)PFA(CFA); #ifdef NO_IP INST_TAIL; goto *next_code; #endif /* defined(NO_IP) */ (dovar) ( -- a_body ) gforth-internal paren_dovar ""run-time routine for variables and CREATEd words"" a_body = PFA(CFA); #ifdef NO_IP INST_TAIL; goto *next_code; #endif /* defined(NO_IP) */ (douser) ( -- a_user ) gforth-internal paren_douser ""run-time routine for constants"" a_user = (Cell *)(up+*(Cell *)PFA(CFA)); #ifdef NO_IP INST_TAIL; goto *next_code; #endif /* defined(NO_IP) */ (dodefer) ( -- ) gforth-internal paren_dodefer ""run-time routine for deferred words"" #ifndef NO_IP ip=IP; /* undo any ip updating that may have been performed by NEXT_P0 */ #endif /* !defined(NO_IP) */ SUPER_END; /* !! probably unnecessary and may lead to measurement errors */ VM_JUMP(EXEC1(*(Xt *)PFA(CFA))); (dofield) ( n1 -- n2 ) gforth-internal paren_field ""run-time routine for fields"" n2 = n1 + *(Cell *)PFA(CFA); #ifdef NO_IP INST_TAIL; goto *next_code; #endif /* defined(NO_IP) */ (dovalue) ( -- w ) gforth-internal paren_doval ""run-time routine for constants"" w = *(Cell *)PFA(CFA); #ifdef NO_IP INST_TAIL; goto *next_code; #endif /* defined(NO_IP) */ (dodoes) ( -- a_body R:a_retaddr ) gforth-internal paren_dodoes ""run-time routine for @code{does>}-defined words"" #ifdef NO_IP a_retaddr = next_code; a_body = PFA(CFA); INST_TAIL; #ifdef DEBUG fprintf(stderr, "dodoes to %x, push %x\n", a_retaddr, a_body); #endif goto **(Label *)DOES_CODE1(CFA); #else /* !defined(NO_IP) */ a_retaddr = (Cell *)IP; a_body = PFA(CFA); #ifdef DEBUG fprintf(stderr, "dodoes to %x, push %x\n", a_retaddr, a_body); #endif SET_IP(DOES_CODE1(CFA)); #endif /* !defined(NO_IP) */ (doabicode) ( ... -- ...) gforth-internal paren_doabicode ""run-time routine for @code{ABI-code} definitions"" abifunc *f = (abifunc *)PFA(CFA); Float *fp_mem = fp; sp = (*f)(sp, &fp_mem); fp = fp_mem; #ifdef NO_IP INST_TAIL; goto *next_code; #endif /* defined(NO_IP) */ (do;abicode) ( ... -- ... ) gforth-internal paren_do_semicolon_abi_code ""run-time routine for @code{;abi-code}-defined words"" Float *fp_mem = fp; Address body = (Address)PFA(CFA); semiabifunc *f = (semiabifunc *)DOES_CODE1(CFA); sp = (*f)(sp, &fp_mem, body); fp = fp_mem; #ifdef NO_IP INST_TAIL; goto *next_code; #endif /* defined(NO_IP) */ \F [endif] \g control noop ( -- ) gforth : ; call ( #a_callee -- R:a_retaddr ) new ""Call callee (a variant of docol with inline argument)."" #ifdef NO_IP assert(0); INST_TAIL; JUMP(a_callee); #else #ifdef DEBUG { CFA_TO_NAME((((Cell *)a_callee)-2)); fprintf(stderr,"%08lx: call %08lx %.*s\n",(Cell)ip,(Cell)a_callee, len,name); } #endif a_retaddr = (Cell *)IP; SET_IP((Xt *)a_callee); #endif execute ( xt -- ) core ""Perform the semantics represented by the execution token, @i{xt}."" #ifdef DEBUG fprintf(stderr, "execute %08x\n", xt); #endif #ifndef NO_IP ip=IP; #endif SUPER_END; VM_JUMP(EXEC1(xt)); perform ( a_addr -- ) gforth ""@code{@@ execute}."" /* and pfe */ #ifndef NO_IP ip=IP; #endif SUPER_END; VM_JUMP(EXEC1(*(Xt *)a_addr)); : @ execute ; ;s ( R:w -- ) gforth semis ""The primitive compiled by @code{EXIT}."" #ifdef NO_IP INST_TAIL; goto *(void *)w; #else SET_IP((Xt *)w); #endif unloop ( R:w1 R:w2 -- ) core /* !! alias for 2rdrop */ : r> rdrop rdrop >r ; lit-perform ( #a_addr -- ) new lit_perform #ifndef NO_IP ip=IP; #endif SUPER_END; VM_JUMP(EXEC1(*(Xt *)a_addr)); does-exec ( #a_cfa -- R:nest a_pfa ) new does_exec #ifdef NO_IP /* compiled to LIT CALL by compile_prim */ assert(0); #else a_pfa = PFA(a_cfa); nest = (Cell)IP; #ifdef DEBUG { CFA_TO_NAME(a_cfa); fprintf(stderr,"%08lx: does %08lx %.*s\n", (Cell)ip,(Cell)a_cfa,len,name); } #endif SET_IP(DOES_CODE1(a_cfa)); #endif \+glocals branch-lp+!# ( #a_target #nlocals -- ) gforth branch_lp_plus_store_number /* this will probably not be used */ lp += nlocals; #ifdef NO_IP INST_TAIL; JUMP(a_target); #else SET_IP((Xt *)a_target); #endif \+ branch ( #a_target -- ) gforth #ifdef NO_IP INST_TAIL; JUMP(a_target); #else SET_IP((Xt *)a_target); #endif : r> @ >r ; \ condbranch(forthname,stackeffect,restline,code1,code2,forthcode) \ this is non-syntactical: code must open a brace that is closed by the macro define(condbranch, $1 ( `#'a_target $2 ) $3 $4 #ifdef NO_IP INST_TAIL; #endif $5 #ifdef NO_IP JUMP(a_target); #else SET_IP((Xt *)a_target); ifelse(condbranch_opt,`1',`INST_TAIL; NEXT_P2;',`/* condbranch_opt=0 */') #endif } ifelse(condbranch_opt,`1',`SUPER_CONTINUE;',`/* condbranch_opt=0 */') $6 \+glocals $1-lp+!`#' ( `#'a_target `#'nlocals $2 ) $3_lp_plus_store_number $4 #ifdef NO_IP INST_TAIL; #endif $5 lp += nlocals; #ifdef NO_IP JUMP(a_target); #else SET_IP((Xt *)a_target); ifelse(condbranch_opt,`1',`INST_TAIL; NEXT_P2;',`/* condbranch_opt=0 */') #endif } ifelse(condbranch_opt,`1',`SUPER_CONTINUE;',`/* condbranch_opt=0 */') \+ ) condbranch(?branch,f --,f83 question_branch, ,if (f==0) { ,: 0= dup 0= \ !f f r> tuck cell+ \ !f branchoffset f IP+ and -rot @ and or \ f&IP+|!f&branch >r ;) \ we don't need an lp_plus_store version of the ?dup-stuff, because it \ is only used in if's (yet) \+xconds ?dup-?branch ( #a_target f -- S:... ) new question_dupe_question_branch ""The run-time procedure compiled by @code{?DUP-IF}."" if (f==0) { #ifdef NO_IP INST_TAIL; JUMP(a_target); #else SET_IP((Xt *)a_target); #endif } else { sp--; sp[0]=f; } ?dup-0=-?branch ( #a_target f -- S:... ) new question_dupe_zero_equals_question_branch ""The run-time procedure compiled by @code{?DUP-0=-IF}."" if (f!=0) { sp--; sp[0]=f; #ifdef NO_IP JUMP(a_target); #else SET_IP((Xt *)a_target); #endif } \+ \fhas? skiploopprims 0= [IF] condbranch((next),R:n1 -- R:n2,cmFORTH paren_next, n2=n1-1; ,if (n1) { ,: r> r> dup 1- >r IF @ >r ELSE cell+ >r THEN ;) condbranch((loop),R:nlimit R:n1 -- R:nlimit R:n2,gforth paren_loop, n2=n1+1; ,if (n2 != nlimit) { ,: r> r> 1+ r> 2dup = IF >r 1- >r cell+ >r ELSE >r >r @ >r THEN ;) condbranch((+loop),n R:nlimit R:n1 -- R:nlimit R:n2,gforth paren_plus_loop, /* !! check this thoroughly */ /* sign bit manipulation and test: (x^y)<0 is equivalent to (x<0) != (y<0) */ /* dependent upon two's complement arithmetic */ Cell olddiff = n1-nlimit; n2=n1+n; ,if (((olddiff^(olddiff+n)) /* the limit is not crossed */ &(olddiff^n)) /* OR it is a wrap-around effect */ >=0) { /* & is used to avoid having two branches for gforth-native */ ,: r> swap r> r> 2dup - >r 2 pick r@ + r@ xor 0< 0= 3 pick r> xor 0< 0= or IF >r + >r @ >r ELSE >r >r drop cell+ >r THEN ;) \+xconds condbranch((-loop),u R:nlimit R:n1 -- R:nlimit R:n2,gforth paren_minus_loop, UCell olddiff = n1-nlimit; n2=n1-u; ,if (olddiff>u) { ,) condbranch((s+loop),n R:nlimit R:n1 -- R:nlimit R:n2,gforth paren_symmetric_plus_loop, ""The run-time procedure compiled by S+LOOP. It loops until the index crosses the boundary between limit and limit-sign(n). I.e. a symmetric version of (+LOOP)."" /* !! check this thoroughly */ Cell diff = n1-nlimit; Cell newdiff = diff+n; if (n<0) { diff = -diff; newdiff = -newdiff; } n2=n1+n; ,if (((~diff)|newdiff)<0) { /* use | to avoid two branches for gforth-native */ ,) \+ (for) ( ncount -- R:nlimit R:ncount ) cmFORTH paren_for /* or (for) = >r -- collides with unloop! */ nlimit=0; : r> swap 0 >r >r >r ; (do) ( nlimit nstart -- R:nlimit R:nstart ) gforth paren_do : r> swap rot >r >r >r ; (?do) ( #a_target nlimit nstart -- R:nlimit R:nstart ) gforth paren_question_do #ifdef NO_IP INST_TAIL; #endif if (nstart == nlimit) { #ifdef NO_IP JUMP(a_target); #else SET_IP((Xt *)a_target); #endif } : 2dup = IF r> swap rot >r >r @ >r ELSE r> swap rot >r >r cell+ >r THEN ; \ --> CORE-EXT \+xconds (+do) ( #a_target nlimit nstart -- R:nlimit R:nstart ) gforth paren_plus_do #ifdef NO_IP INST_TAIL; #endif if (nstart >= nlimit) { #ifdef NO_IP JUMP(a_target); #else SET_IP((Xt *)a_target); #endif } : swap 2dup r> swap >r swap >r >= IF @ ELSE cell+ THEN >r ; (u+do) ( #a_target ulimit ustart -- R:ulimit R:ustart ) gforth paren_u_plus_do #ifdef NO_IP INST_TAIL; #endif if (ustart >= ulimit) { #ifdef NO_IP JUMP(a_target); #else SET_IP((Xt *)a_target); #endif } : swap 2dup r> swap >r swap >r u>= IF @ ELSE cell+ THEN >r ; (-do) ( #a_target nlimit nstart -- R:nlimit R:nstart ) gforth paren_minus_do #ifdef NO_IP INST_TAIL; #endif if (nstart <= nlimit) { #ifdef NO_IP JUMP(a_target); #else SET_IP((Xt *)a_target); #endif } : swap 2dup r> swap >r swap >r <= IF @ ELSE cell+ THEN >r ; (u-do) ( #a_target ulimit ustart -- R:ulimit R:ustart ) gforth paren_u_minus_do #ifdef NO_IP INST_TAIL; #endif if (ustart <= ulimit) { #ifdef NO_IP JUMP(a_target); #else SET_IP((Xt *)a_target); #endif } : swap 2dup r> swap >r swap >r u<= IF @ ELSE cell+ THEN >r ; (try1) ( ... a_oldhandler a_recovery -- R:a_recovery R:a_sp R:f_fp R:c_lp R:a_oldhandler a_newhandler ) gforth paren_try1 a_sp = sp-1; f_fp = fp; c_lp = lp; a_newhandler = rp-5; (throw1) ( ... wball a_handler -- ... wball ) gforth paren_throw1 rp = a_handler; lp = (Address)rp[1]; fp = (Float *)rp[2]; sp = (Cell *)rp[3]; #ifndef NO_IP ip=IP; #endif SUPER_END; VM_JUMP(EXEC1(*(Xt *)rp[4])); \+ \ don't make any assumptions where the return stack is!! \ implement this in machine code if it should run quickly! i ( R:n -- R:n n ) core : \ rp@ cell+ @ ; r> r> tuck >r >r ; i' ( R:w R:w2 -- R:w R:w2 w ) gforth i_tick : \ rp@ cell+ cell+ @ ; r> r> r> dup itmp ! >r >r >r itmp @ ; variable itmp j ( R:w R:w1 R:w2 -- w R:w R:w1 R:w2 ) core : \ rp@ cell+ cell+ cell+ @ ; r> r> r> r> dup itmp ! >r >r >r >r itmp @ ; [IFUNDEF] itmp variable itmp [THEN] k ( R:w R:w1 R:w2 R:w3 R:w4 -- w R:w R:w1 R:w2 R:w3 R:w4 ) gforth : \ rp@ [ 5 cells ] Literal + @ ; r> r> r> r> r> r> dup itmp ! >r >r >r >r >r >r itmp @ ; [IFUNDEF] itmp variable itmp [THEN] \f[THEN] \ digit is high-level: 0/0% \g strings move ( c_from c_to ucount -- ) core ""Copy the contents of @i{ucount} aus at @i{c-from} to @i{c-to}. @code{move} works correctly even if the two areas overlap."" /* !! note that the standard specifies addr, not c-addr */ memmove(c_to,c_from,ucount); /* make an Ifdef for bsd and others? */ : >r 2dup u< IF r> cmove> ELSE r> cmove THEN ; cmove ( c_from c_to u -- ) string c_move ""Copy the contents of @i{ucount} characters from data space at @i{c-from} to @i{c-to}. The copy proceeds @code{char}-by-@code{char} from low address to high address; i.e., for overlapping areas it is safe if @i{c-to}=<@i{c-from}."" cmove(c_from,c_to,u); : bounds ?DO dup c@ I c! 1+ LOOP drop ; cmove> ( c_from c_to u -- ) string c_move_up ""Copy the contents of @i{ucount} characters from data space at @i{c-from} to @i{c-to}. The copy proceeds @code{char}-by-@code{char} from high address to low address; i.e., for overlapping areas it is safe if @i{c-to}>=@i{c-from}."" cmove_up(c_from,c_to,u); : dup 0= IF drop 2drop exit THEN rot over + -rot bounds swap 1- DO 1- dup c@ I c! -1 +LOOP drop ; fill ( c_addr u c -- ) core ""Store @i{c} in @i{u} chars starting at @i{c-addr}."" memset(c_addr,c,u); : -rot bounds ?DO dup I c! LOOP drop ; compare ( c_addr1 u1 c_addr2 u2 -- n ) string ""Compare two strings lexicographically. If they are equal, @i{n} is 0; if the first string is smaller, @i{n} is -1; if the first string is larger, @i{n} is 1. Currently this is based on the machine's character comparison. In the future, this may change to consider the current locale and its collation order."" /* close ' to keep fontify happy */ n = compare(c_addr1, u1, c_addr2, u2); : rot 2dup swap - >r min swap -text dup IF rdrop ELSE drop r> sgn THEN ; : -text ( c_addr1 u c_addr2 -- n ) swap bounds ?DO dup c@ I c@ = WHILE 1+ LOOP drop 0 ELSE c@ I c@ - unloop THEN sgn ; : sgn ( n -- -1/0/1 ) dup 0= IF EXIT THEN 0< 2* 1+ ; \ -text is only used by replaced primitives now; move it elsewhere \ -text ( c_addr1 u c_addr2 -- n ) new dash_text \ n = memcmp(c_addr1, c_addr2, u); \ if (n<0) \ n = -1; \ else if (n>0) \ n = 1; \ : \ swap bounds \ ?DO dup c@ I c@ = WHILE 1+ LOOP drop 0 \ ELSE c@ I c@ - unloop THEN sgn ; \ : sgn ( n -- -1/0/1 ) \ dup 0= IF EXIT THEN 0< 2* 1+ ; toupper ( c1 -- c2 ) gforth ""If @i{c1} is a lower-case character (in the current locale), @i{c2} is the equivalent upper-case character. All other characters are unchanged."" c2 = toupper(c1); : dup [char] a - [ char z char a - 1 + ] Literal u< bl and - ; capscompare ( c_addr1 u1 c_addr2 u2 -- n ) gforth ""Compare two strings lexicographically. If they are equal, @i{n} is 0; if the first string is smaller, @i{n} is -1; if the first string is larger, @i{n} is 1. Currently this is based on the machine's character comparison. In the future, this may change to consider the current locale and its collation order."" /* close ' to keep fontify happy */ n = capscompare(c_addr1, u1, c_addr2, u2); /string ( c_addr1 u1 n -- c_addr2 u2 ) string slash_string ""Adjust the string specified by @i{c-addr1, u1} to remove @i{n} characters from the start of the string."" c_addr2 = c_addr1+n; u2 = u1-n; : tuck - >r + r> dup 0< IF - 0 THEN ; \g arith lit ( #w -- w ) gforth : r> dup @ swap cell+ >r ; + ( n1 n2 -- n ) core plus n = n1+n2; \ lit+ / lit_plus = lit + lit+ ( n1 #n2 -- n ) new lit_plus #ifdef DEBUG fprintf(stderr, "lit+ %08x\n", n2); #endif n=n1+n2; \ PFE-0.9.14 has it differently, but the next release will have it as follows under+ ( n1 n2 n3 -- n n2 ) gforth under_plus ""add @i{n3} to @i{n1} (giving @i{n})"" n = n1+n3; : rot + swap ; - ( n1 n2 -- n ) core minus n = n1-n2; : negate + ; negate ( n1 -- n2 ) core /* use minus as alias */ n2 = -n1; : invert 1+ ; 1+ ( n1 -- n2 ) core one_plus n2 = n1+1; : 1 + ; 1- ( n1 -- n2 ) core one_minus n2 = n1-1; : 1 - ; max ( n1 n2 -- n ) core if (n1 IF swap THEN drop ; abs ( n -- u ) core if (n<0) u = -n; else u = n; : dup 0< IF negate THEN ; * ( n1 n2 -- n ) core star n = n1*n2; : um* drop ; / ( n1 n2 -- n ) core slash n = n1/n2; if (CHECK_DIVISION_SW && n2 == 0) throw(BALL_DIVZERO); if (CHECK_DIVISION_SW && n2 == -1 && n1 == CELL_MIN) throw(BALL_RESULTRANGE); if (FLOORED_DIV && ((n1^n2) < 0) && (n1%n2 != 0)) n--; : /mod nip ; mod ( n1 n2 -- n ) core n = n1%n2; if (CHECK_DIVISION_SW && n2 == 0) throw(BALL_DIVZERO); if (CHECK_DIVISION_SW && n2 == -1 && n1 == CELL_MIN) throw(BALL_RESULTRANGE); if(FLOORED_DIV && ((n1^n2) < 0) && n!=0) n += n2; : /mod drop ; /mod ( n1 n2 -- n3 n4 ) core slash_mod n4 = n1/n2; n3 = n1%n2; /* !! is this correct? look into C standard! */ if (CHECK_DIVISION_SW && n2 == 0) throw(BALL_DIVZERO); if (CHECK_DIVISION_SW && n2 == -1 && n1 == CELL_MIN) throw(BALL_RESULTRANGE); if (FLOORED_DIV && ((n1^n2) < 0) && n3!=0) { n4--; n3+=n2; } : >r s>d r> fm/mod ; */mod ( n1 n2 n3 -- n4 n5 ) core star_slash_mod ""n1*n2=n3*n5+n4, with the intermediate result (n1*n2) being double."" #ifdef BUGGY_LL_MUL DCell d = mmul(n1,n2); #else DCell d = (DCell)n1 * (DCell)n2; #endif #ifdef ASM_SM_SLASH_REM ASM_SM_SLASH_REM(DLO(d), DHI(d), n3, n4, n5); if (FLOORED_DIV && ((DHI(d)^n3)<0) && n4!=0) { if (CHECK_DIVISION && n5 == CELL_MIN) throw(BALL_RESULTRANGE); n5--; n4+=n3; } #else DCell r = FLOORED_DIV ? fmdiv(d,n3) : smdiv(d,n3); n4=DHI(r); n5=DLO(r); #endif : >r m* r> fm/mod ; */ ( n1 n2 n3 -- n4 ) core star_slash ""n4=(n1*n2)/n3, with the intermediate result being double."" #ifdef BUGGY_LL_MUL DCell d = mmul(n1,n2); #else DCell d = (DCell)n1 * (DCell)n2; #endif #ifdef ASM_SM_SLASH_REM Cell remainder; ASM_SM_SLASH_REM(DLO(d), DHI(d), n3, remainder, n4); if (FLOORED_DIV && ((DHI(d)^n3)<0) && remainder!=0) { if (CHECK_DIVISION && n4 == CELL_MIN) throw(BALL_RESULTRANGE); n4--; } #else DCell r = FLOORED_DIV ? fmdiv(d,n3) : smdiv(d,n3); n4=DLO(r); #endif : */mod nip ; 2* ( n1 -- n2 ) core two_star ""Shift left by 1; also works on unsigned numbers"" n2 = 2*n1; : dup + ; 2/ ( n1 -- n2 ) core two_slash ""Arithmetic shift right by 1. For signed numbers this is a floored division by 2 (note that @code{/} not necessarily floors)."" n2 = n1>>1; : dup MINI and IF 1 ELSE 0 THEN [ bits/char cell * 1- ] literal 0 DO 2* swap dup 2* >r MINI and IF 1 ELSE 0 THEN or r> swap LOOP nip ; fm/mod ( d1 n1 -- n2 n3 ) core f_m_slash_mod ""Floored division: @i{d1} = @i{n3}*@i{n1}+@i{n2}, @i{n1}>@i{n2}>=0 or 0>=@i{n2}>@i{n1}."" #ifdef ASM_SM_SLASH_REM ASM_SM_SLASH_REM(DLO(d1), DHI(d1), n1, n2, n3); if (((DHI(d1)^n1)<0) && n2!=0) { if (CHECK_DIVISION && n3 == CELL_MIN) throw(BALL_RESULTRANGE); n3--; n2+=n1; } #else /* !defined(ASM_SM_SLASH_REM) */ DCell r = fmdiv(d1,n1); n2=DHI(r); n3=DLO(r); #endif /* !defined(ASM_SM_SLASH_REM) */ : dup >r dup 0< IF negate >r dnegate r> THEN over 0< IF tuck + swap THEN um/mod r> 0< IF swap negate swap THEN ; sm/rem ( d1 n1 -- n2 n3 ) core s_m_slash_rem ""Symmetric division: @i{d1} = @i{n3}*@i{n1}+@i{n2}, sign(@i{n2})=sign(@i{d1}) or 0."" #ifdef ASM_SM_SLASH_REM ASM_SM_SLASH_REM(DLO(d1), DHI(d1), n1, n2, n3); #else /* !defined(ASM_SM_SLASH_REM) */ DCell r = smdiv(d1,n1); n2=DHI(r); n3=DLO(r); #endif /* !defined(ASM_SM_SLASH_REM) */ : over >r dup >r abs -rot dabs rot um/mod r> r@ xor 0< IF negate THEN r> 0< IF swap negate swap THEN ; m* ( n1 n2 -- d ) core m_star #ifdef BUGGY_LL_MUL d = mmul(n1,n2); #else d = (DCell)n1 * (DCell)n2; #endif : 2dup 0< and >r 2dup swap 0< and >r um* r> - r> - ; um* ( u1 u2 -- ud ) core u_m_star /* use u* as alias */ #ifdef BUGGY_LL_MUL ud = ummul(u1,u2); #else ud = (UDCell)u1 * (UDCell)u2; #endif : 0 -rot dup [ 8 cells ] literal - DO dup 0< I' and d2*+ drop LOOP ; : d2*+ ( ud n -- ud+n c ) over MINI and >r >r 2dup d+ swap r> + swap r> ; um/mod ( ud u1 -- u2 u3 ) core u_m_slash_mod ""ud=u3*u1+u2, u1>u2>=0"" #ifdef ASM_UM_SLASH_MOD ASM_UM_SLASH_MOD(DLO(ud), DHI(ud), u1, u2, u3); #else /* !defined(ASM_UM_SLASH_MOD) */ UDCell r = umdiv(ud,u1); u2=DHI(r); u3=DLO(r); #endif /* !defined(ASM_UM_SLASH_MOD) */ : 0 swap [ 8 cells 1 + ] literal 0 ?DO /modstep LOOP drop swap 1 rshift or swap ; : /modstep ( ud c R: u -- ud-?u c R: u ) >r over r@ u< 0= or IF r@ - 1 ELSE 0 THEN d2*+ r> ; : d2*+ ( ud n -- ud+n c ) over MINI and >r >r 2dup d+ swap r> + swap r> ; m+ ( d1 n -- d2 ) double m_plus #ifdef BUGGY_LL_ADD DLO_IS(d2, DLO(d1)+n); DHI_IS(d2, DHI(d1) - (n<0) + (DLO(d2)d d+ ; d+ ( d1 d2 -- d ) double d_plus #ifdef BUGGY_LL_ADD DLO_IS(d, DLO(d1) + DLO(d2)); DHI_IS(d, DHI(d1) + DHI(d2) + (d.lor tuck + swap over u> r> swap - ; d- ( d1 d2 -- d ) double d_minus #ifdef BUGGY_LL_ADD DLO_IS(d, DLO(d1) - DLO(d2)); DHI_IS(d, DHI(d1)-DHI(d2)-(DLO(d1)>1); DLO_IS(d2, (DLO(d1)>>1) | (DHI(d1)<<(CELL_BITS-1))); #else d2 = d1>>1; #endif : dup 1 and >r 2/ swap 2/ [ 1 8 cells 1- lshift 1- ] Literal and r> IF [ 1 8 cells 1- lshift ] Literal + THEN swap ; and ( w1 w2 -- w ) core w = w1&w2; or ( w1 w2 -- w ) core w = w1|w2; : invert swap invert and invert ; xor ( w1 w2 -- w ) core x_or w = w1^w2; invert ( w1 -- w2 ) core w2 = ~w1; : MAXU xor ; rshift ( u1 n -- u2 ) core r_shift ""Logical shift right by @i{n} bits."" #ifdef BROKEN_SHIFT u2 = rshift(u1, n); #else u2 = u1 >> n; #endif : 0 ?DO 2/ MAXI and LOOP ; lshift ( u1 n -- u2 ) core l_shift #ifdef BROKEN_SHIFT u2 = lshift(u1, n); #else u2 = u1 << n; #endif : 0 ?DO 2* LOOP ; umax ( u1 u2 -- u ) core if (u1 IF swap THEN drop ; \g compare \ comparisons(prefix, args, prefix, arg1, arg2, wordsets...) define(comparisons, $1= ( $2 -- f ) $6 $3equals f = FLAG($4==$5); : [ char $1x char 0 = [IF] ] IF false ELSE true THEN [ [ELSE] ] xor 0= [ [THEN] ] ; $1<> ( $2 -- f ) $7 $3not_equals f = FLAG($4!=$5); : [ char $1x char 0 = [IF] ] IF true ELSE false THEN [ [ELSE] ] xor 0<> [ [THEN] ] ; $1< ( $2 -- f ) $8 $3less_than f = FLAG($4<$5); : [ char $1x char 0 = [IF] ] MINI and 0<> [ [ELSE] char $1x char u = [IF] ] 2dup xor 0< IF nip ELSE - THEN 0< [ [ELSE] ] MINI xor >r MINI xor r> u< [ [THEN] [THEN] ] ; $1> ( $2 -- f ) $9 $3greater_than f = FLAG($4>$5); : [ char $1x char 0 = [IF] ] negate [ [ELSE] ] swap [ [THEN] ] $1< ; $1<= ( $2 -- f ) gforth $3less_or_equal f = FLAG($4<=$5); : $1> 0= ; $1>= ( $2 -- f ) gforth $3greater_or_equal f = FLAG($4>=$5); : [ char $1x char 0 = [IF] ] negate [ [ELSE] ] swap [ [THEN] ] $1<= ; ) comparisons(0, n, zero_, n, 0, core, core-ext, core, core-ext) comparisons(, n1 n2, , n1, n2, core, core-ext, core, core) comparisons(u, u1 u2, u_, u1, u2, gforth, gforth, core, core-ext) \ dcomparisons(prefix, args, prefix, arg1, arg2, wordsets...) define(dcomparisons, $1= ( $2 -- f ) $6 $3equals #ifdef BUGGY_LL_CMP f = FLAG($4.lo==$5.lo && $4.hi==$5.hi); #else f = FLAG($4==$5); #endif $1<> ( $2 -- f ) $7 $3not_equals #ifdef BUGGY_LL_CMP f = FLAG($4.lo!=$5.lo || $4.hi!=$5.hi); #else f = FLAG($4!=$5); #endif $1< ( $2 -- f ) $8 $3less_than #ifdef BUGGY_LL_CMP f = FLAG($4.hi==$5.hi ? $4.lo<$5.lo : $4.hi<$5.hi); #else f = FLAG($4<$5); #endif $1> ( $2 -- f ) $9 $3greater_than #ifdef BUGGY_LL_CMP f = FLAG($4.hi==$5.hi ? $4.lo>$5.lo : $4.hi>$5.hi); #else f = FLAG($4>$5); #endif $1<= ( $2 -- f ) gforth $3less_or_equal #ifdef BUGGY_LL_CMP f = FLAG($4.hi==$5.hi ? $4.lo<=$5.lo : $4.hi<=$5.hi); #else f = FLAG($4<=$5); #endif $1>= ( $2 -- f ) gforth $3greater_or_equal #ifdef BUGGY_LL_CMP f = FLAG($4.hi==$5.hi ? $4.lo>=$5.lo : $4.hi>=$5.hi); #else f = FLAG($4>=$5); #endif ) \+dcomps dcomparisons(d, d1 d2, d_, d1, d2, double, gforth, double, gforth) dcomparisons(d0, d, d_zero_, d, DZERO, double, gforth, double, gforth) dcomparisons(du, ud1 ud2, d_u_, ud1, ud2, gforth, gforth, double-ext, gforth) \+ within ( u1 u2 u3 -- f ) core-ext ""u2=r - r> u< ; \g stack useraddr ( #u -- a_addr ) new a_addr = (Cell *)(up+u); up! ( a_addr -- ) gforth up_store gforth_UP=up=(Address)a_addr; : up ! ; Variable UP sp@ ( S:... -- a_addr ) gforth sp_fetch a_addr = sp; sp! ( a_addr -- S:... ) gforth sp_store sp = a_addr; rp@ ( -- a_addr ) gforth rp_fetch a_addr = rp; rp! ( a_addr -- ) gforth rp_store rp = a_addr; \+floating fp@ ( f:... -- f_addr ) gforth fp_fetch f_addr = fp; fp! ( f_addr -- f:... ) gforth fp_store fp = f_addr; \+ >r ( w -- R:w ) core to_r : (>r) ; : (>r) rp@ cell+ @ rp@ ! rp@ cell+ ! ; r> ( R:w -- w ) core r_from : rp@ cell+ @ rp@ @ rp@ cell+ ! (rdrop) rp@ ! ; Create (rdrop) ' ;s A, rdrop ( R:w -- ) gforth : r> r> drop >r ; 2>r ( d -- R:d ) core-ext two_to_r : swap r> swap >r swap >r >r ; 2r> ( R:d -- d ) core-ext two_r_from : r> r> swap r> swap >r swap ; 2r@ ( R:d -- R:d d ) core-ext two_r_fetch : i' j ; 2rdrop ( R:d -- ) gforth two_r_drop : r> r> drop r> drop >r ; over ( w1 w2 -- w1 w2 w1 ) core : sp@ cell+ @ ; drop ( w -- ) core : IF THEN ; swap ( w1 w2 -- w2 w1 ) core : >r (swap) ! r> (swap) @ ; Variable (swap) dup ( w -- w w ) core dupe : sp@ @ ; rot ( w1 w2 w3 -- w2 w3 w1 ) core rote : [ defined? (swap) [IF] ] (swap) ! (rot) ! >r (rot) @ (swap) @ r> ; Variable (rot) [ELSE] ] >r swap r> swap ; [THEN] -rot ( w1 w2 w3 -- w3 w1 w2 ) gforth not_rote : rot rot ; nip ( w1 w2 -- w2 ) core-ext : swap drop ; tuck ( w1 w2 -- w2 w1 w2 ) core-ext : swap over ; ?dup ( w -- S:... w ) core question_dupe ""Actually the stack effect is: @code{( w -- 0 | w w )}. It performs a @code{dup} if w is nonzero."" if (w!=0) { *--sp = w; } : dup IF dup THEN ; pick ( S:... u -- S:... w ) core-ext ""Actually the stack effect is @code{ x0 ... xu u -- x0 ... xu x0 }."" w = sp[u]; : 1+ cells sp@ + @ ; 2drop ( w1 w2 -- ) core two_drop : drop drop ; 2dup ( w1 w2 -- w1 w2 w1 w2 ) core two_dupe : over over ; 2over ( w1 w2 w3 w4 -- w1 w2 w3 w4 w1 w2 ) core two_over : 3 pick 3 pick ; 2swap ( w1 w2 w3 w4 -- w3 w4 w1 w2 ) core two_swap : rot >r rot r> ; 2rot ( w1 w2 w3 w4 w5 w6 -- w3 w4 w5 w6 w1 w2 ) double-ext two_rote : >r >r 2swap r> r> 2swap ; 2nip ( w1 w2 w3 w4 -- w3 w4 ) gforth two_nip : 2swap 2drop ; 2tuck ( w1 w2 w3 w4 -- w3 w4 w1 w2 w3 w4 ) gforth two_tuck : 2swap 2over ; \ toggle is high-level: 0.11/0.42% \g memory @ ( a_addr -- w ) core fetch ""@i{w} is the cell stored at @i{a_addr}."" w = *a_addr; \ lit@ / lit_fetch = lit @ lit@ ( #a_addr -- w ) new lit_fetch w = *a_addr; ! ( w a_addr -- ) core store ""Store @i{w} into the cell at @i{a-addr}."" *a_addr = w; +! ( n a_addr -- ) core plus_store ""Add @i{n} to the cell at @i{a-addr}."" *a_addr += n; : tuck @ + swap ! ; c@ ( c_addr -- c ) core c_fetch ""@i{c} is the char stored at @i{c_addr}."" c = *c_addr; : [ bigendian [IF] ] [ cell>bit 4 = [IF] ] dup [ 0 cell - ] Literal and @ swap 1 and IF $FF and ELSE 8>> THEN ; [ [ELSE] ] dup [ cell 1- ] literal and tuck - @ swap [ cell 1- ] literal xor 0 ?DO 8>> LOOP $FF and [ [THEN] ] [ [ELSE] ] [ cell>bit 4 = [IF] ] dup [ 0 cell - ] Literal and @ swap 1 and IF 8>> ELSE $FF and THEN [ [ELSE] ] dup [ cell 1- ] literal and tuck - @ swap 0 ?DO 8>> LOOP 255 and [ [THEN] ] [ [THEN] ] ; : 8>> 2/ 2/ 2/ 2/ 2/ 2/ 2/ 2/ ; c! ( c c_addr -- ) core c_store ""Store @i{c} into the char at @i{c-addr}."" *c_addr = c; : [ bigendian [IF] ] [ cell>bit 4 = [IF] ] tuck 1 and IF $FF and ELSE 8<< THEN >r dup -2 and @ over 1 and cells masks + @ and r> or swap -2 and ! ; Create masks $00FF , $FF00 , [ELSE] ] dup [ cell 1- ] literal and dup [ cell 1- ] literal xor >r - dup @ $FF r@ 0 ?DO 8<< LOOP invert and rot $FF and r> 0 ?DO 8<< LOOP or swap ! ; [THEN] [ELSE] ] [ cell>bit 4 = [IF] ] tuck 1 and IF 8<< ELSE $FF and THEN >r dup -2 and @ over 1 and cells masks + @ and r> or swap -2 and ! ; Create masks $FF00 , $00FF , [ELSE] ] dup [ cell 1- ] literal and dup >r - dup @ $FF r@ 0 ?DO 8<< LOOP invert and rot $FF and r> 0 ?DO 8<< LOOP or swap ! ; [THEN] [THEN] : 8<< 2* 2* 2* 2* 2* 2* 2* 2* ; 2! ( w1 w2 a_addr -- ) core two_store ""Store @i{w2} into the cell at @i{c-addr} and @i{w1} into the next cell."" a_addr[0] = w2; a_addr[1] = w1; : tuck ! cell+ ! ; 2@ ( a_addr -- w1 w2 ) core two_fetch ""@i{w2} is the content of the cell stored at @i{a-addr}, @i{w1} is the content of the next cell."" w2 = a_addr[0]; w1 = a_addr[1]; : dup cell+ @ swap @ ; cell+ ( a_addr1 -- a_addr2 ) core cell_plus ""@code{1 cells +}"" a_addr2 = a_addr1+1; : cell + ; cells ( n1 -- n2 ) core "" @i{n2} is the number of address units of @i{n1} cells."" n2 = n1 * sizeof(Cell); : [ cell 2/ dup [IF] ] 2* [ [THEN] 2/ dup [IF] ] 2* [ [THEN] 2/ dup [IF] ] 2* [ [THEN] 2/ dup [IF] ] 2* [ [THEN] drop ] ; char+ ( c_addr1 -- c_addr2 ) core char_plus ""@code{1 chars +}."" c_addr2 = c_addr1 + 1; : 1+ ; (chars) ( n1 -- n2 ) gforth paren_chars n2 = n1 * sizeof(Char); : ; count ( c_addr1 -- c_addr2 u ) core ""@i{c-addr2} is the first character and @i{u} the length of the counted string at @i{c-addr1}."" u = *c_addr1; c_addr2 = c_addr1+1; : dup 1+ swap c@ ; \g compiler \+f83headerstring (f83find) ( c_addr u f83name1 -- f83name2 ) new paren_f83find for (; f83name1 != NULL; f83name1 = (struct F83Name *)(f83name1->next)) if ((UCell)F83NAME_COUNT(f83name1)==u && memcasecmp(c_addr, f83name1->name, u)== 0 /* or inline? */) break; f83name2=f83name1; #ifdef DEBUG fprintf(stderr, "F83find "); fwrite(c_addr, u, 1, stderr); fprintf(stderr, " found %08x\n", f83name2); #endif : BEGIN dup WHILE (find-samelen) dup WHILE >r 2dup r@ cell+ char+ capscomp 0= IF 2drop r> EXIT THEN r> @ REPEAT THEN nip nip ; : (find-samelen) ( u f83name1 -- u f83name2/0 ) BEGIN 2dup cell+ c@ $1F and <> WHILE @ dup 0= UNTIL THEN ; : capscomp ( c_addr1 u c_addr2 -- n ) swap bounds ?DO dup c@ I c@ <> IF dup c@ toupper I c@ toupper = ELSE true THEN WHILE 1+ LOOP drop 0 ELSE c@ toupper I c@ toupper - unloop THEN sgn ; : sgn ( n -- -1/0/1 ) dup 0= IF EXIT THEN 0< 2* 1+ ; \- (listlfind) ( c_addr u longname1 -- longname2 ) new paren_listlfind longname2=listlfind(c_addr, u, longname1); : BEGIN dup WHILE (findl-samelen) dup WHILE >r 2dup r@ cell+ cell+ capscomp 0= IF 2drop r> EXIT THEN r> @ REPEAT THEN nip nip ; : (findl-samelen) ( u longname1 -- u longname2/0 ) BEGIN 2dup cell+ @ lcount-mask and <> WHILE @ dup 0= UNTIL THEN ; : capscomp ( c_addr1 u c_addr2 -- n ) swap bounds ?DO dup c@ I c@ <> IF dup c@ toupper I c@ toupper = ELSE true THEN WHILE 1+ LOOP drop 0 ELSE c@ toupper I c@ toupper - unloop THEN sgn ; : sgn ( n -- -1/0/1 ) dup 0= IF EXIT THEN 0< 2* 1+ ; \+hash (hashlfind) ( c_addr u a_addr -- longname2 ) new paren_hashlfind longname2 = hashlfind(c_addr, u, a_addr); : BEGIN dup WHILE 2@ >r >r dup r@ cell+ @ lcount-mask and = IF 2dup r@ cell+ cell+ capscomp 0= IF 2drop r> rdrop EXIT THEN THEN rdrop r> REPEAT nip nip ; (tablelfind) ( c_addr u a_addr -- longname2 ) new paren_tablelfind ""A case-sensitive variant of @code{(hashfind)}"" longname2 = tablelfind(c_addr, u, a_addr); : BEGIN dup WHILE 2@ >r >r dup r@ cell+ @ lcount-mask and = IF 2dup r@ cell+ cell+ -text 0= IF 2drop r> rdrop EXIT THEN THEN rdrop r> REPEAT nip nip ; : -text ( c_addr1 u c_addr2 -- n ) swap bounds ?DO dup c@ I c@ = WHILE 1+ LOOP drop 0 ELSE c@ I c@ - unloop THEN sgn ; : sgn ( n -- -1/0/1 ) dup 0= IF EXIT THEN 0< 2* 1+ ; (hashkey1) ( c_addr u ubits -- ukey ) gforth paren_hashkey1 ""ukey is the hash key for the string c_addr u fitting in ubits bits"" ukey = hashkey1(c_addr, u, ubits); : dup rot-values + c@ over 1 swap lshift 1- >r tuck - 2swap r> 0 2swap bounds ?DO dup 4 pick lshift swap 3 pick rshift or I c@ toupper xor over and LOOP nip nip nip ; Create rot-values 5 c, 0 c, 1 c, 2 c, 3 c, 4 c, 5 c, 5 c, 5 c, 5 c, 3 c, 5 c, 5 c, 5 c, 5 c, 7 c, 5 c, 5 c, 5 c, 5 c, 7 c, 5 c, 5 c, 5 c, 5 c, 6 c, 5 c, 5 c, 5 c, 5 c, 7 c, 5 c, 5 c, \+ \+ (parse-white) ( c_addr1 u1 -- c_addr2 u2 ) gforth paren_parse_white struct Cellpair r=parse_white(c_addr1, u1); c_addr2 = (Char *)(r.n1); u2 = r.n2; : BEGIN dup WHILE over c@ bl <= WHILE 1 /string REPEAT THEN 2dup BEGIN dup WHILE over c@ bl > WHILE 1 /string REPEAT THEN nip - ; aligned ( c_addr -- a_addr ) core "" @i{a-addr} is the first aligned address greater than or equal to @i{c-addr}."" a_addr = (Cell *)((((Cell)c_addr)+(sizeof(Cell)-1))&(-sizeof(Cell))); : [ cell 1- ] Literal + [ -1 cells ] Literal and ; faligned ( c_addr -- f_addr ) float f_aligned "" @i{f-addr} is the first float-aligned address greater than or equal to @i{c-addr}."" f_addr = (Float *)((((Cell)c_addr)+(sizeof(Float)-1))&(-sizeof(Float))); : [ 1 floats 1- ] Literal + [ -1 floats ] Literal and ; \ threading stuff is currently only interesting if we have a compiler \fhas? standardthreading has? compiler and [IF] threading-method ( -- n ) gforth threading_method ""0 if the engine is direct threaded. Note that this may change during the lifetime of an image."" #if defined(DOUBLY_INDIRECT) n=2; #else # if defined(DIRECT_THREADED) n=0; # else n=1; # endif #endif : 1 ; \f[THEN] \g hostos key-file ( wfileid -- c ) gforth paren_key_file ""Read one character @i{c} from @i{wfileid}. This word disables buffering for @i{wfileid}. If you want to read characters from a terminal in non-canonical (raw) mode, you have to put the terminal in non-canonical mode yourself (using the C interface); the exception is @code{stdin}: Gforth automatically puts it into non-canonical mode."" #ifdef HAS_FILE fflush(stdout); c = key((FILE*)wfileid); #else c = key(stdin); #endif key?-file ( wfileid -- f ) gforth key_q_file ""@i{f} is true if at least one character can be read from @i{wfileid} without blocking. If you also want to use @code{read-file} or @code{read-line} on the file, you have to call @code{key?-file} or @code{key-file} first (these two words disable buffering)."" #ifdef HAS_FILE fflush(stdout); f = key_query((FILE*)wfileid); #else f = key_query(stdin); #endif stdin ( -- wfileid ) gforth ""The standard input file of the Gforth process."" wfileid = (Cell)stdin; stdout ( -- wfileid ) gforth ""The standard output file of the Gforth process."" wfileid = (Cell)stdout; stderr ( -- wfileid ) gforth ""The standard error output file of the Gforth process."" wfileid = (Cell)stderr; \+os form ( -- urows ucols ) gforth ""The number of lines and columns in the terminal. These numbers may change with the window size. Note that it depends on the OS whether this reflects the actual size and changes with the window size (currently only on Unix-like OSs). On other OSs you just get a default, and can tell Gforth the terminal size by setting the environment variables @code{COLUMNS} and @code{LINES} before starting Gforth."" /* we could block SIGWINCH here to get a consistent size, but I don't think this is necessary or always beneficial */ urows=rows; ucols=cols; wcwidth ( u -- n ) gforth ""The number of fixed-width characters per unicode character u"" #ifdef HAVE_WCWIDTH n = wcwidth(u); #else n = 1; #endif flush-icache ( c_addr u -- ) gforth flush_icache ""Make sure that the instruction cache of the processor (if there is one) does not contain stale data at @i{c-addr} and @i{u} bytes afterwards. @code{END-CODE} performs a @code{flush-icache} automatically. Caveat: @code{flush-icache} might not work on your installation; this is usually the case if direct threading is not supported on your machine (take a look at your @file{machine.h}) and your machine has a separate instruction cache. In such cases, @code{flush-icache} does nothing instead of flushing the instruction cache."" FLUSH_ICACHE((caddr_t)c_addr,u); (bye) ( n -- ) gforth paren_bye SUPER_END; return (Label *)n; (system) ( c_addr u -- wretval wior ) gforth paren_system wretval = gforth_system(c_addr, u); wior = IOR(wretval==-1 || (wretval==127 && errno != 0)); getenv ( c_addr1 u1 -- c_addr2 u2 ) gforth ""The string @i{c-addr1 u1} specifies an environment variable. The string @i{c-addr2 u2} is the host operating system's expansion of that environment variable. If the environment variable does not exist, @i{c-addr2 u2} specifies a string 0 characters in length."" /* close ' to keep fontify happy */ char * string = cstr(c_addr1,u1); c_addr2 = (Char *)getenv(string); u2 = (c_addr2 == NULL ? 0 : strlen((char *)c_addr2)); free(string); open-pipe ( c_addr u wfam -- wfileid wior ) gforth open_pipe char * string = cstr(c_addr,u); fflush(stdout); wfileid=(Cell)popen(string,pfileattr[wfam]); /* ~ expansion of 1st arg? */ wior = IOR(wfileid==0); /* !! the man page says that errno is not set reliably */ free(string); close-pipe ( wfileid -- wretval wior ) gforth close_pipe wretval = pclose((FILE *)wfileid); wior = IOR(wretval==-1); time&date ( -- nsec nmin nhour nday nmonth nyear ) facility-ext time_and_date ""Report the current time of day. Seconds, minutes and hours are numbered from 0. Months are numbered from 1."" #if 1 time_t now; struct tm *ltime; time(&now); ltime=localtime(&now); #else struct timeval time1; struct timezone zone1; struct tm *ltime; gettimeofday(&time1,&zone1); /* !! Single Unix specification: If tzp is not a null pointer, the behaviour is unspecified. */ ltime=localtime((time_t *)&time1.tv_sec); #endif nyear =ltime->tm_year+1900; nmonth=ltime->tm_mon+1; nday =ltime->tm_mday; nhour =ltime->tm_hour; nmin =ltime->tm_min; nsec =ltime->tm_sec; ms ( u -- ) facility-ext ""Wait at least @i{n} milli-second."" gforth_ms(u); allocate ( u -- a_addr wior ) memory ""Allocate @i{u} address units of contiguous data space. The initial contents of the data space is undefined. If the allocation is successful, @i{a-addr} is the start address of the allocated region and @i{wior} is 0. If the allocation fails, @i{a-addr} is undefined and @i{wior} is a non-zero I/O result code."" a_addr = (Cell *)malloc(u?u:1); wior = IOR(a_addr==NULL); free ( a_addr -- wior ) memory ""Return the region of data space starting at @i{a-addr} to the system. The region must originally have been obtained using @code{allocate} or @code{resize}. If the operational is successful, @i{wior} is 0. If the operation fails, @i{wior} is a non-zero I/O result code."" free(a_addr); wior = 0; resize ( a_addr1 u -- a_addr2 wior ) memory ""Change the size of the allocated area at @i{a-addr1} to @i{u} address units, possibly moving the contents to a different area. @i{a-addr2} is the address of the resulting area. If the operation is successful, @i{wior} is 0. If the operation fails, @i{wior} is a non-zero I/O result code. If @i{a-addr1} is 0, Gforth's (but not the Standard) @code{resize} @code{allocate}s @i{u} address units."" /* the following check is not necessary on most OSs, but it is needed on SunOS 4.1.2. */ /* close ' to keep fontify happy */ if (a_addr1==NULL) a_addr2 = (Cell *)malloc(u); else a_addr2 = (Cell *)realloc(a_addr1, u); wior = IOR(a_addr2==NULL); /* !! Define a return code */ if (a_addr2==NULL) a_addr2 = a_addr1; strerror ( n -- c_addr u ) gforth c_addr = (Char *)strerror(n); u = strlen((char *)c_addr); strsignal ( n -- c_addr u ) gforth c_addr = (Char *)strsignal(n); u = strlen((char *)c_addr); call-c ( ... w -- ... ) gforth call_c ""Call the C function pointed to by @i{w}. The C function has to access the stack itself. The stack pointers are exported in the global variables @code{gforth_SP} and @code{gforth_FP}."" /* This is a first attempt at support for calls to C. This may change in the future */ IF_fpTOS(fp[0]=fpTOS); gforth_FP=fp; gforth_SP=sp; gforth_RP=rp; gforth_LP=lp; #ifdef HAS_LINKBACK ((void (*)())w)(); #else ((void (*)(void *))w)(&gforth_pointers); #endif sp=gforth_SP; fp=gforth_FP; rp=gforth_RP; lp=gforth_LP; IF_fpTOS(fpTOS=fp[0]); \+ \+file close-file ( wfileid -- wior ) file close_file wior = IOR(fclose((FILE *)wfileid)==EOF); open-file ( c_addr u wfam -- wfileid wior ) file open_file char * string = tilde_cstr(c_addr,u); wfileid = opencreate_file(string, wfam, 0, &wior); free(string); create-file ( c_addr u wfam -- wfileid wior ) file create_file char * string = tilde_cstr(c_addr,u); wfileid = opencreate_file(string, wfam, O_CREAT|O_TRUNC, &wior); free(string); delete-file ( c_addr u -- wior ) file delete_file char * string = tilde_cstr(c_addr,u); wior = IOR(unlink(string)==-1); free(string); rename-file ( c_addr1 u1 c_addr2 u2 -- wior ) file-ext rename_file ""Rename file @i{c_addr1 u1} to new name @i{c_addr2 u2}"" wior = rename_file(c_addr1, u1, c_addr2, u2); file-position ( wfileid -- ud wior ) file file_position /* !! use tell and lseek? */ ud = OFF2UD(ftello((FILE *)wfileid)); wior = IOR(UD2OFF(ud)==-1); reposition-file ( ud wfileid -- wior ) file reposition_file wior = IOR(fseeko((FILE *)wfileid, UD2OFF(ud), SEEK_SET)==-1); file-size ( wfileid -- ud wior ) file file_size struct stat buf; wior = IOR(fstat(fileno((FILE *)wfileid), &buf)==-1); ud = OFF2UD(buf.st_size); resize-file ( ud wfileid -- wior ) file resize_file wior = IOR(ftruncate(fileno((FILE *)wfileid), UD2OFF(ud))==-1); read-file ( c_addr u1 wfileid -- u2 wior ) file read_file /* !! fread does not guarantee enough */ u2 = fread(c_addr, sizeof(Char), u1, (FILE *)wfileid); if (u2>0) gf_regetc((FILE *)wfileid); wior = FILEIO(u20. If the attempt succeeds, store file name to the buffer at @i{c-addr} and return @i{ior}=0, @i{flag}=true and @i{u2} equal to the size of the file name. If the length of the file name is greater than @i{u1}, store first @i{u1} characters from file name into the buffer and indicate "name too long" with @i{ior}, @i{flag}=true, and @i{u2}=@i{u1}."" struct dirent * dent; dent = readdir((DIR *)wdirid); wior = 0; flag = -1; if(dent == NULL) { u2 = 0; flag = 0; } else { u2 = strlen((char *)dent->d_name); if(u2 > u1) { u2 = u1; wior = -512-ENAMETOOLONG; } memmove(c_addr, dent->d_name, u2); } close-dir ( wdirid -- wior ) gforth close_dir ""Close the directory specified by @i{dir-id}."" wior = IOR(closedir((DIR *)wdirid)); filename-match ( c_addr1 u1 c_addr2 u2 -- flag ) gforth match_file char * string = cstr(c_addr1, u1); char * pattern = cstr(c_addr2, u2); flag = FLAG(!fnmatch(pattern, string, 0)); free(string); free(pattern); set-dir ( c_addr u -- wior ) gforth set_dir ""Change the current directory to @i{c-addr, u}. Return an error if this is not possible"" char * string = tilde_cstr(c_addr, u); wior = IOR(chdir(string)); free(string); get-dir ( c_addr1 u1 -- c_addr2 u2 ) gforth get_dir ""Store the current directory in the buffer specified by @i{c-addr1, u1}. If the buffer size is not sufficient, return 0 0"" c_addr2 = (Char *)getcwd((char *)c_addr1, u1); if(c_addr2 != NULL) { u2 = strlen((char *)c_addr2); } else { u2 = 0; } =mkdir ( c_addr u wmode -- wior ) gforth equals_mkdir ""Create directory @i{c-addr u} with mode @i{wmode}."" char * string = tilde_cstr(c_addr,u); wior = IOR(mkdir(string,wmode)); free(string); \+ newline ( -- c_addr u ) gforth ""String containing the newline sequence of the host OS"" static const char newline[] = { #if DIRSEP=='/' /* Unix */ '\n' #else /* DOS, Win, OS/2 */ '\r','\n' #endif }; c_addr=(Char *)newline; u=sizeof(newline); : "newline count ; Create "newline e? crlf [IF] 2 c, $0D c, [ELSE] 1 c, [THEN] $0A c, \+os utime ( -- dtime ) gforth ""Report the current time in microseconds since some epoch."" struct timeval time1; gettimeofday(&time1,NULL); dtime = timeval2us(&time1); cputime ( -- duser dsystem ) gforth ""duser and dsystem are the respective user- and system-level CPU times used since the start of the Forth system (excluding child processes), in microseconds (the granularity may be much larger, however). On platforms without the getrusage call, it reports elapsed time (since some epoch) for duser and 0 for dsystem."" #ifdef HAVE_GETRUSAGE struct rusage usage; getrusage(RUSAGE_SELF, &usage); duser = timeval2us(&usage.ru_utime); dsystem = timeval2us(&usage.ru_stime); #else struct timeval time1; gettimeofday(&time1,NULL); duser = timeval2us(&time1); dsystem = DZERO; #endif ntime ( -- dtime ) gforth ""Report the current time in nanoseconds since some epoch."" struct timespec time1; #ifdef HAVE_CLOCK_GETTIME clock_gettime(CLOCK_REALTIME,&time1); #else struct timeval time2; gettimeofday(&time2,NULL); time1.tv_sec = time2.tv_sec;1 time1.tv_nsec = time2.tv_usec*1000; #endif dtime = timespec2ns(&time1); \+ \+floating \g floating comparisons(f, r1 r2, f_, r1, r2, gforth, gforth, float, gforth) comparisons(f0, r, f_zero_, r, 0., float, gforth, float, gforth) s>f ( n -- r ) float s_to_f r = n; d>f ( d -- r ) float d_to_f #ifdef BUGGY_LL_D2F extern double ldexp(double x, int exp); if (DHI(d)<0) { #ifdef BUGGY_LL_ADD DCell d2=dnegate(d); #else DCell d2=-d; #endif r = -(ldexp((Float)DHI(d2),CELL_BITS) + (Float)DLO(d2)); } else r = ldexp((Float)DHI(d),CELL_BITS) + (Float)DLO(d); #else r = d; #endif f>d ( r -- d ) float f_to_d extern DCell double2ll(Float r); d = double2ll(r); f>s ( r -- n ) float f_to_s n = (Cell)r; f! ( r f_addr -- ) float f_store ""Store @i{r} into the float at address @i{f-addr}."" *f_addr = r; f@ ( f_addr -- r ) float f_fetch ""@i{r} is the float at address @i{f-addr}."" r = *f_addr; df@ ( df_addr -- r ) float-ext d_f_fetch ""Fetch the double-precision IEEE floating-point value @i{r} from the address @i{df-addr}."" #ifdef IEEE_FP r = *df_addr; #else !! df@ #endif df! ( r df_addr -- ) float-ext d_f_store ""Store @i{r} as double-precision IEEE floating-point value to the address @i{df-addr}."" #ifdef IEEE_FP *df_addr = r; #else !! df! #endif sf@ ( sf_addr -- r ) float-ext s_f_fetch ""Fetch the single-precision IEEE floating-point value @i{r} from the address @i{sf-addr}."" #ifdef IEEE_FP r = *sf_addr; #else !! sf@ #endif sf! ( r sf_addr -- ) float-ext s_f_store ""Store @i{r} as single-precision IEEE floating-point value to the address @i{sf-addr}."" #ifdef IEEE_FP *sf_addr = r; #else !! sf! #endif f+ ( r1 r2 -- r3 ) float f_plus r3 = r1+r2; f- ( r1 r2 -- r3 ) float f_minus r3 = r1-r2; f* ( r1 r2 -- r3 ) float f_star r3 = r1*r2; f/ ( r1 r2 -- r3 ) float f_slash r3 = r1/r2; f** ( r1 r2 -- r3 ) float-ext f_star_star ""@i{r3} is @i{r1} raised to the @i{r2}th power."" CLOBBER_TOS_WORKAROUND_START; r3 = pow(r1,r2); CLOBBER_TOS_WORKAROUND_END; fm* ( r1 n -- r2 ) gforth fm_star r2 = r1*n; fm/ ( r1 n -- r2 ) gforth fm_slash r2 = r1/n; fm*/ ( r1 n1 n2 -- r2 ) gforth fm_star_slash r2 = (r1*n1)/n2; f**2 ( r1 -- r2 ) gforth fm_square r2 = r1*r1; fnegate ( r1 -- r2 ) float f_negate r2 = - r1; fdrop ( r -- ) float f_drop fdup ( r -- r r ) float f_dupe fswap ( r1 r2 -- r2 r1 ) float f_swap fover ( r1 r2 -- r1 r2 r1 ) float f_over frot ( r1 r2 r3 -- r2 r3 r1 ) float f_rote fnip ( r1 r2 -- r2 ) gforth f_nip ftuck ( r1 r2 -- r2 r1 r2 ) gforth f_tuck float+ ( f_addr1 -- f_addr2 ) float float_plus ""@code{1 floats +}."" f_addr2 = f_addr1+1; floats ( n1 -- n2 ) float ""@i{n2} is the number of address units of @i{n1} floats."" n2 = n1*sizeof(Float); floor ( r1 -- r2 ) float ""Round towards the next smaller integral value, i.e., round toward negative infinity."" /* !! unclear wording */ CLOBBER_TOS_WORKAROUND_START; r2 = floor(r1); CLOBBER_TOS_WORKAROUND_END; fround ( r1 -- r2 ) float f_round ""Round to the nearest integral value."" r2 = rint(r1); fmax ( r1 r2 -- r3 ) float f_max if (r1u) /* happens in glibc-2.1.3 if 999.. is rounded up */ siglen=u; if (!f2) /* workaround Cygwin trailing 0s for Inf and Nan */ for (; sig[siglen-1]=='0'; siglen--); ; memcpy(c_addr,sig,siglen); memset(c_addr+siglen,f2?'0':' ',u-siglen); >float ( c_addr u -- f:... flag ) float to_float ""Actual stack effect: ( c_addr u -- r t | f ). Attempt to convert the character string @i{c-addr u} to internal floating-point representation. If the string represents a valid floating-point number @i{r} is placed on the floating-point stack and @i{flag} is true. Otherwise, @i{flag} is false. A string of blanks is a special case and represents the floating-point number 0."" Float r; flag = to_float(c_addr, u, &r, '.'); if (flag) { fp--; fp[0]=r; } fabs ( r1 -- r2 ) float-ext f_abs r2 = fabs(r1); facos ( r1 -- r2 ) float-ext f_a_cos CLOBBER_TOS_WORKAROUND_START; r2 = acos(r1); CLOBBER_TOS_WORKAROUND_END; fasin ( r1 -- r2 ) float-ext f_a_sine CLOBBER_TOS_WORKAROUND_START; r2 = asin(r1); CLOBBER_TOS_WORKAROUND_END; fatan ( r1 -- r2 ) float-ext f_a_tan r2 = atan(r1); fatan2 ( r1 r2 -- r3 ) float-ext f_a_tan_two ""@i{r1/r2}=tan(@i{r3}). ANS Forth does not require, but probably intends this to be the inverse of @code{fsincos}. In gforth it is."" CLOBBER_TOS_WORKAROUND_START; r3 = atan2(r1,r2); CLOBBER_TOS_WORKAROUND_END; fcos ( r1 -- r2 ) float-ext f_cos CLOBBER_TOS_WORKAROUND_START; r2 = cos(r1); CLOBBER_TOS_WORKAROUND_END; fexp ( r1 -- r2 ) float-ext f_e_x_p CLOBBER_TOS_WORKAROUND_START; r2 = exp(r1); CLOBBER_TOS_WORKAROUND_END; fexpm1 ( r1 -- r2 ) float-ext f_e_x_p_m_one ""@i{r2}=@i{e}**@i{r1}@minus{}1"" #ifdef HAVE_EXPM1 extern double #ifdef NeXT const #endif expm1(double); CLOBBER_TOS_WORKAROUND_START; r2 = expm1(r1); CLOBBER_TOS_WORKAROUND_END; #else CLOBBER_TOS_WORKAROUND_START; r2 = exp(r1)-1.; CLOBBER_TOS_WORKAROUND_END; #endif fln ( r1 -- r2 ) float-ext f_l_n CLOBBER_TOS_WORKAROUND_START; r2 = log(r1); CLOBBER_TOS_WORKAROUND_END; flnp1 ( r1 -- r2 ) float-ext f_l_n_p_one ""@i{r2}=ln(@i{r1}+1)"" CLOBBER_TOS_WORKAROUND_START; #ifdef HAVE_LOG1P extern double #ifdef NeXT const #endif log1p(double); r2 = log1p(r1); #else r2 = log(r1+1.); #endif CLOBBER_TOS_WORKAROUND_END; flog ( r1 -- r2 ) float-ext f_log ""The decimal logarithm."" CLOBBER_TOS_WORKAROUND_START; r2 = log10(r1); CLOBBER_TOS_WORKAROUND_END; falog ( r1 -- r2 ) float-ext f_a_log ""@i{r2}=10**@i{r1}"" extern double pow10(double); CLOBBER_TOS_WORKAROUND_START; r2 = pow10(r1); CLOBBER_TOS_WORKAROUND_END; fsin ( r1 -- r2 ) float-ext f_sine CLOBBER_TOS_WORKAROUND_START; r2 = sin(r1); CLOBBER_TOS_WORKAROUND_END; fsincos ( r1 -- r2 r3 ) float-ext f_sine_cos ""@i{r2}=sin(@i{r1}), @i{r3}=cos(@i{r1})"" CLOBBER_TOS_WORKAROUND_START; sincos(r1, &r2, &r3); CLOBBER_TOS_WORKAROUND_END; fsqrt ( r1 -- r2 ) float-ext f_square_root r2 = sqrt(r1); ftan ( r1 -- r2 ) float-ext f_tan CLOBBER_TOS_WORKAROUND_START; r2 = tan(r1); CLOBBER_TOS_WORKAROUND_END; : fsincos f/ ; fsinh ( r1 -- r2 ) float-ext f_cinch CLOBBER_TOS_WORKAROUND_START; r2 = sinh(r1); CLOBBER_TOS_WORKAROUND_END; : fexpm1 fdup fdup 1. d>f f+ f/ f+ f2/ ; fcosh ( r1 -- r2 ) float-ext f_cosh CLOBBER_TOS_WORKAROUND_START; r2 = cosh(r1); CLOBBER_TOS_WORKAROUND_END; : fexp fdup 1/f f+ f2/ ; ftanh ( r1 -- r2 ) float-ext f_tan_h CLOBBER_TOS_WORKAROUND_START; r2 = tanh(r1); CLOBBER_TOS_WORKAROUND_END; : f2* fexpm1 fdup 2. d>f f+ f/ ; fasinh ( r1 -- r2 ) float-ext f_a_cinch CLOBBER_TOS_WORKAROUND_START; r2 = asinh(r1); CLOBBER_TOS_WORKAROUND_END; : fdup fdup f* 1. d>f f+ fsqrt f/ fatanh ; facosh ( r1 -- r2 ) float-ext f_a_cosh CLOBBER_TOS_WORKAROUND_START; r2 = acosh(r1); CLOBBER_TOS_WORKAROUND_END; : fdup fdup f* 1. d>f f- fsqrt f+ fln ; fatanh ( r1 -- r2 ) float-ext f_a_tan_h CLOBBER_TOS_WORKAROUND_START; r2 = atanh(r1); CLOBBER_TOS_WORKAROUND_END; : fdup f0< >r fabs 1. d>f fover f- f/ f2* flnp1 f2/ r> IF fnegate THEN ; sfloats ( n1 -- n2 ) float-ext s_floats ""@i{n2} is the number of address units of @i{n1} single-precision IEEE floating-point numbers."" n2 = n1*sizeof(SFloat); dfloats ( n1 -- n2 ) float-ext d_floats ""@i{n2} is the number of address units of @i{n1} double-precision IEEE floating-point numbers."" n2 = n1*sizeof(DFloat); sfaligned ( c_addr -- sf_addr ) float-ext s_f_aligned ""@i{sf-addr} is the first single-float-aligned address greater than or equal to @i{c-addr}."" sf_addr = (SFloat *)((((Cell)c_addr)+(sizeof(SFloat)-1))&(-sizeof(SFloat))); : [ 1 sfloats 1- ] Literal + [ -1 sfloats ] Literal and ; dfaligned ( c_addr -- df_addr ) float-ext d_f_aligned ""@i{df-addr} is the first double-float-aligned address greater than or equal to @i{c-addr}."" df_addr = (DFloat *)((((Cell)c_addr)+(sizeof(DFloat)-1))&(-sizeof(DFloat))); : [ 1 dfloats 1- ] Literal + [ -1 dfloats ] Literal and ; v* ( f_addr1 nstride1 f_addr2 nstride2 ucount -- r ) gforth v_star ""dot-product: r=v1*v2. The first element of v1 is at f_addr1, the next at f_addr1+nstride1 and so on (similar for v2). Both vectors have ucount elements."" r = v_star(f_addr1, nstride1, f_addr2, nstride2, ucount); : >r swap 2swap swap 0e r> 0 ?DO dup f@ over + 2swap dup f@ f* f+ over + 2swap LOOP 2drop 2drop ; faxpy ( ra f_x nstridex f_y nstridey ucount -- ) gforth ""vy=ra*vx+vy"" faxpy(ra, f_x, nstridex, f_y, nstridey, ucount); : >r swap 2swap swap r> 0 ?DO fdup dup f@ f* over + 2swap dup f@ f+ dup f! over + 2swap LOOP 2drop 2drop fdrop ; >float1 ( c_addr u c -- f:... flag ) gforth to_float1 ""Actual stack effect: ( c_addr u c -- r t | f ). Attempt to convert the character string @i{c-addr u} to internal floating-point representation. If the string represents a valid floating-point number @i{r} is placed on the floating-point stack and @i{flag} is true. Otherwise, @i{flag} is false. A string of blanks is a special case and represents the floating-point number 0."" Float r; flag = to_float(c_addr, u, &r, c); if (flag) { fp--; fp[0]=r; } \+ \ The following words access machine/OS/installation-dependent \ Gforth internals \ !! how about environmental queries DIRECT-THREADED, \ INDIRECT-THREADED, TOS-CACHED, FTOS-CACHED, CODEFIELD-DOES */ \ local variable implementation primitives \+glocals \g locals @local# ( #noffset -- w ) gforth fetch_local_number w = *(Cell *)(lp+noffset); @local0 ( -- w ) new fetch_local_zero w = ((Cell *)lp)[0]; @local1 ( -- w ) new fetch_local_four w = ((Cell *)lp)[1]; @local2 ( -- w ) new fetch_local_eight w = ((Cell *)lp)[2]; @local3 ( -- w ) new fetch_local_twelve w = ((Cell *)lp)[3]; \+floating f@local# ( #noffset -- r ) gforth f_fetch_local_number r = *(Float *)(lp+noffset); f@local0 ( -- r ) new f_fetch_local_zero r = ((Float *)lp)[0]; f@local1 ( -- r ) new f_fetch_local_eight r = ((Float *)lp)[1]; \+ laddr# ( #noffset -- c_addr ) gforth laddr_number /* this can also be used to implement lp@ */ c_addr = (Char *)(lp+noffset); lp+!# ( #noffset -- ) gforth lp_plus_store_number ""used with negative immediate values it allocates memory on the local stack, a positive immediate argument drops memory from the local stack"" lp += noffset; lp- ( -- ) new minus_four_lp_plus_store lp += -sizeof(Cell); lp+ ( -- ) new eight_lp_plus_store lp += sizeof(Float); lp+2 ( -- ) new sixteen_lp_plus_store lp += 2*sizeof(Float); lp! ( c_addr -- ) gforth lp_store lp = (Address)c_addr; >l ( w -- ) gforth to_l lp -= sizeof(Cell); *(Cell *)lp = w; \+floating f>l ( r -- ) gforth f_to_l lp -= sizeof(Float); *(Float *)lp = r; fpick ( f:... u -- f:... r ) gforth ""Actually the stack effect is @code{ r0 ... ru u -- r0 ... ru r0 }."" r = fp[u]; : floats fp@ + f@ ; \+ \+ \+OS \g syslib open-lib ( c_addr1 u1 -- u2 ) gforth open_lib u2 = gforth_dlopen(c_addr1, u1); lib-sym ( c_addr1 u1 u2 -- u3 ) gforth lib_sym char * string = cstr(c_addr1, u1); #ifdef HAVE_LIBLTDL u3 = (UCell) lt_dlsym((lt_dlhandle)u2, string); #elif defined(HAVE_LIBDL) || defined(HAVE_DLOPEN) u3 = (UCell) dlsym((void*)u2,string); #else # ifdef _WIN32 u3 = (Cell) GetProcAddress((HMODULE)u2, string); # else #warning Define lib-sym! u3 = 0; # endif #endif free(string); wcall ( ... u -- ... ) gforth gforth_FP=fp; sp=(Cell*)(SYSCALL(Cell*(*)(Cell *, void *))u)(sp, &gforth_FP); fp=gforth_FP; uw@ ( c_addr -- u ) gforth u_w_fetch ""@i{u} is the zero-extended 16-bit value stored at @i{c_addr}."" u = *(UWyde*)(c_addr); sw@ ( c_addr -- n ) gforth s_w_fetch ""@i{n} is the sign-extended 16-bit value stored at @i{c_addr}."" n = *(Wyde*)(c_addr); w! ( w c_addr -- ) gforth w_store ""Store the bottom 16 bits of @i{w} at @i{c_addr}."" *(Wyde*)(c_addr) = w; ul@ ( c_addr -- u ) gforth u_l_fetch ""@i{u} is the zero-extended 32-bit value stored at @i{c_addr}."" u = *(UTetrabyte*)(c_addr); sl@ ( c_addr -- n ) gforth s_l_fetch ""@i{n} is the sign-extended 32-bit value stored at @i{c_addr}."" n = *(Tetrabyte*)(c_addr); l! ( w c_addr -- ) gforth l_store ""Store the bottom 32 bits of @i{w} at @i{c_addr}."" *(Tetrabyte*)(c_addr) = w; lib-error ( -- c_addr u ) gforth lib_error ""Error message for last failed @code{open-lib} or @code{lib-sym}."" #ifdef HAVE_LIBLTDL c_addr = (Char *)lt_dlerror(); u = (c_addr == NULL) ? 0 : strlen((char *)c_addr); #elif defined(HAVE_LIBDL) || defined(HAVE_DLOPEN) c_addr = dlerror(); u = strlen(c_addr); #else c_addr = "libltdl is not configured"; u = strlen(c_addr); #endif be-w! ( w c_addr -- ) gforth w_store_be ""Store the bottom 16 bits of @i{w} at @i{c_addr} in big endian format."" c_addr[0] = w >> 8; c_addr[1] = w; be-l! ( w c_addr -- ) gforth l_store_be ""Store the bottom 32 bits of @i{w} at @i{c_addr} in big endian format."" c_addr[0] = w >> 24; c_addr[1] = w >> 16; c_addr[2] = w >> 8; c_addr[3] = w; le-w! ( w c_addr -- ) gforth w_store_le ""Store the bottom 16 bits of @i{w} at @i{c_addr} in big endian format."" c_addr[1] = w >> 8; c_addr[0] = w; le-l! ( w c_addr -- ) gforth l_store_le ""Store the bottom 32 bits of @i{w} at @i{c_addr} in big endian format."" c_addr[3] = w >> 24; c_addr[2] = w >> 16; c_addr[1] = w >> 8; c_addr[0] = w; be-uw@ ( c_addr -- u ) gforth w_fetch_be ""@i{u} is the zero-extended 16-bit big endian value stored at @i{c_addr}."" u = (c_addr[0] << 8) | (c_addr[1]); be-ul@ ( c_addr -- u ) gforth l_fetch_be ""@i{u} is the zero-extended 32-bit big endian value stored at @i{c_addr}."" u = ((Cell)c_addr[0] << 24) | (c_addr[1] << 16) | (c_addr[2] << 8) | (c_addr[3]); le-uw@ ( c_addr -- u ) gforth w_fetch_le ""@i{u} is the zero-extended 16-bit little endian value stored at @i{c_addr}."" u = (c_addr[1] << 8) | (c_addr[0]); le-ul@ ( c_addr -- u ) gforth l_fetch_le ""@i{u} is the zero-extended 32-bit little endian value stored at @i{c_addr}."" u = ((Cell)c_addr[3] << 24) | (c_addr[2] << 16) | (c_addr[1] << 8) | (c_addr[0]); \+64bit x! ( w c_addr -- ) gforth x_store ""Store the bottom 64 bits of @i{w} at 64-bit-aligned @i{c_addr}."" *(UOctabyte *)c_addr = w; ux@ ( c_addr -- u ) gforth u_x_fetch ""@i{u} is the zero-extended 64-bit value stored at 64-bit-aligned @i{c_addr}."" u = *(UOctabyte *)c_addr; sx@ ( c_addr -- n ) gforth s_x_fetch ""@i{u} is the sign-extended 64-bit value stored at 64-bit-aligned @i{c_addr}."" n = *(Octabyte *)c_addr; be-x! ( w c_addr -- ) gforth b_e_x_store ""Store the bottom 64 bits of @i{w} at @i{c_addr} in big endian format."" c_addr[0] = w >> 56; c_addr[1] = w >> 48; c_addr[2] = w >> 40; c_addr[3] = w >> 32; c_addr[4] = w >> 24; c_addr[5] = w >> 16; c_addr[6] = w >> 8; c_addr[7] = w; le-x! ( w c_addr -- ) gforth l_e_x_store ""Store the bottom 64 bits of @i{w} at @i{c_addr} in big endian format."" c_addr[7] = w >> 56; c_addr[6] = w >> 48; c_addr[5] = w >> 40; c_addr[4] = w >> 32; c_addr[3] = w >> 24; c_addr[2] = w >> 16; c_addr[1] = w >> 8; c_addr[0] = w; be-ux@ ( c_addr -- u ) gforth b_e_u_x_fetch ""@i{u} is the zero-extended 64-bit big endian value stored at @i{c_addr}."" u = (((Cell)(c_addr[0]) << 56) | ((Cell)(c_addr[1]) << 48) | ((Cell)(c_addr[2]) << 40) | ((Cell)(c_addr[3]) << 32) | ((Cell)(c_addr[4]) << 24) | ((Cell)(c_addr[5]) << 16) | ((Cell)(c_addr[6]) << 8) | ((Cell)(c_addr[7]))); le-ux@ ( c_addr -- u ) gforth l_e_u_x_fetch ""@i{u} is the zero-extended 64-bit little endian value stored at @i{c_addr}."" u = (((Cell)(c_addr[7]) << 56) | ((Cell)(c_addr[6]) << 48) | ((Cell)(c_addr[5]) << 40) | ((Cell)(c_addr[4]) << 32) | ((Cell)(c_addr[3]) << 24) | ((Cell)(c_addr[2]) << 16) | ((Cell)(c_addr[1]) << 8) | ((Cell)(c_addr[0]))); \+ \+ \g peephole \+peephole compile-prim1 ( a_prim -- ) gforth compile_prim1 ""compile prim (incl. immargs) at @var{a_prim}"" compile_prim1(a_prim); finish-code ( ... -- ... ) gforth finish_code ""Perform delayed steps in code generation (branch resolution, I-cache flushing)."" /* The ... above are a workaround for a bug in gcc-2.95, which fails to save spTOS (gforth-fast --enable-force-reg) */ finish_code(); forget-dyncode ( c_code -- f ) gforth-internal forget_dyncode f = forget_dyncode(c_code); decompile-prim ( a_code -- a_prim ) gforth-internal decompile_prim ""a_prim is the code address of the primitive that has been compile_prim1ed to a_code"" a_prim = (Cell *)decompile_code((Label)a_code); \ set-next-code and call2 do not appear in images and can be \ renumbered arbitrarily set-next-code ( #w -- ) gforth set_next_code #ifdef NO_IP next_code = (Label)w; #endif call2 ( #a_callee #a_ret_addr -- R:a_ret_addr ) gforth /* call with explicit return address */ #ifdef NO_IP INST_TAIL; JUMP(a_callee); #else assert(0); #endif tag-offsets ( -- a_addr ) gforth tag_offsets extern Cell groups[32]; a_addr = groups; \+ \g primitive_centric \ primitives for primitive-centric code \ another one is does-exec abi-call ( #a_callee ... -- ... ) gforth-internal abi_call /* primitive for compiled ABI-CODE words */ abifunc *f = (abifunc *)a_callee; Float *fp_mem = fp; sp = (*f)(sp, &fp_mem); fp = fp_mem; ;abi-code-exec ( #a_cfa ... -- ... ) gforth-internal semi_abi_code_exec /* primitive for performing ;ABI-CODE words */ Float *fp_mem = fp; semiabifunc *f = (semiabifunc *)DOES_CODE1(a_cfa); Address body = (Address)PFA(a_cfa); sp = (*f)(sp, &fp_mem, body); fp = fp_mem; lit-execute ( #a_addr -- ) new lit_execute /* for ;code and code words; a static superinstruction would be more general, but VM_JUMP is currently not supported there */ #ifndef NO_IP ip=IP; #endif SUPER_END; VM_JUMP(EXEC1((Xt)a_addr)); \+objects \g object_pointer >o ( c_addr -- r:c_old ) new to_o c_old = op; op = c_addr; o> ( r:c_addr -- ) new o_restore op = c_addr; o#+ ( #w -- c_addr ) new o_lit_plus c_addr = op + w; \+ \g static_super ifdef(`STACK_CACHE_FILE', `include(peeprules.vmg)') \g end