Annotation of res/PP-compiler.tex, revision 1.14
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19: \title{\bf PP \emph{Compilation Techniques for Robust Embedded Systems}}
20:
1.13 knoop 21: \author{{\sc Jens Knoop and Andreas Krall}\\
22: \{knoop,andi\}@complang.tuwien.ac.at
1.1 andi 23: }
24:
25: \bibliographystyle{unsrt}
26:
27: \begin{document}
28: \maketitle
29:
1.10 knoop 30: PP leader: \emph{Jens Knoop and Andreas Krall (beide E185.1)}
1.1 andi 31:
1.10 knoop 32: Associated researchers: \emph{Anton Ertl (E185.1), Bernhard Gramlich (E185.2)}
1.1 andi 33:
34:
35:
36: \subsubsection*{Motivation:}
37: %\emph{Informal description of the purpose of the PP (3-5 lines)}
38: Every embedded system consists of software which is written in a high
39: level language, compiled to machine language and executed on a
1.10 knoop 40: processor. For robust embedded systems new verified analysis and
41: compilation, simulation, and specification methods are necessary to
42: support the programmer during application development and maintenance
43: and to optimize for performance, power, space, concurrency and
44: reliability during compilation.
45: %for short, new programming and
46: %compilation techniques for robust embedded systems development and
47: %deployment.
1.1 andi 48:
49: \subsubsection*{State of the art and related work:}
50: %\emph{Briefly describe the scientific state of the art (20-30 lines)}
51:
1.2 andi 52: %Compilation Techniques for Reliability
53: Because of the exponential increase of the number of transistors and
54: the continuing decrease of the feature sizes of current processors
1.10 knoop 55: \emph{soft errors} mainly caused by energetic particles are becoming an
1.2 andi 56: important design issue for robust embedded systems. Blome et
57: al.~\cite{Blome+06} observed that a majority of faults that affect the
58: architectural state of a processor come from the register file. Lee
1.10 knoop 59: and Shrivastava \cite{LeeShrivastava09a,LeeShrivastava09c} proposed
60: different solutions to cope with this problem. The first assigns
61: variables depending on their lifetime to either the ECC protected or
62: the unprotected part of a register file to balance energy consumption
63: and reliability \cite{LeeShrivastava09a}. The second spills registers
64: to ECC protected memory if the register contents are not used for a
65: long period \cite{LeeShrivastava09c}. There exist complete software
66: solutions which use different forms of code duplications
67: \cite{Oh+02a,Reis+05}, which do failure virtualization
68: \cite{WapplerMueller08} or which use techniques like control flow
69: checking \cite{Oh+02b}. A complete overview of processor description
70: languages and generation of compilers and simulators from processor
71: specifications gives the book of Mishra and Dutt \cite{MishraDutt08}.
1.4 andi 72: A good survey of current instruction set simulators gives our chapter
1.10 knoop 73: in the \emph{Handbook of Signal Processing systems} \cite{BrHoKr09}. A
74: famous instruction set simulator with modelling of energy consumption
75: is \emph{Wattch} \cite{BrooksTiwariMartonosi00}.
76:
77: Methods for \emph{compiler verification} do exist
78: \cite{Langmaack97a,Po-lncs124,MMO-lncs1283,Goos:99:verifix,Goos:00:ASM,1328444}.
79: Most notably are the pioneering approaches of the
80: \emph{ProCoS} \cite{Langmaack96a} and the \emph{Verifix}
1.13 knoop 81: \cite{Goerigk-et-al:CC96,GlesnerGoosZimmeermann04,GoosZimmermann00} projects, and more recently of
1.10 knoop 82: the \emph{CompCert} project \cite{CompCert,BDL-fm06,Le-popl06}. There
83: is also a rich body of work on the related approaches of
84: \emph{translation validation}
1.14 ! knoop 85: \cite{Pnueli98a,Pnueli98b,Ne-pldi00,ZaksPnueli08},
1.13 knoop 86: \emph{certifying compilation}
1.10 knoop 87: \cite{NL-pldi98,Colby-etal-pldi00,BlechPoetzsch07}, and
88: \emph{proof-carrying code} \cite{Ne-popl97,AF-popl00,FNSG-tlfi07}.
1.13 knoop 89: However, an integratedly verified compiler, which is optimizing and
90: ensures non-functional program properties such as on time and space
1.14 ! knoop 91: resources required by the compiled program is still
1.13 knoop 92: missing. Complementary to these approaches are approaches focusing on
93: frameworks for verifying compiler optimizations
94: \cite{781156,1040335,Kundu+09} or the verification of specific
1.14 ! knoop 95: compiler optimizations, such as the \emph{Lazy Code Motion}
1.13 knoop 96: \cite{TristanLeroy09} or instruction scheduling
97: \cite{TristanLeroy08}. By far more ambitious and a grand challenge for
98: computing research is Tony Hoare's vision of a \emph{verifying
99: compiler} which proves properties of the translated program
100: \cite{Hoare03}.
101:
1.14 ! knoop 102: \emph{Resource analysis}, especially worst-case execution time analysis $($WCET$)$ for real-time systems, which are often safety-critical, is a vibrant field of research in academia and industry and of fast growing economical relevance,
1.10 knoop 103: especially in the avionics and automotive industry. A survey on
104: state-of-the-art tools and methods for WCET analysis has recently been
105: given by Wilhelm et al.~\cite{Wilhelm:TECS2008}. The outcomes of the
106: WCET Tool Challenges \cite{Gus:ISoLA2006,Holsti:WCET2008}, however,
107: demonstrate that all these tools have their own strengths and
108: limitations. In particular, they all rely to some extent on
109: user-assistance and thus a \emph{trusted information basis} guiding
110: the WCET analysis \cite{Prantl:WCET2009}.
111:
1.1 andi 112:
1.13 knoop 113: %\paragraph{AK}
114: %Three aspects of program and compiler correctness exist. The verifying
115: %compiler proves properties of the translated program and is a grand challenge
116: %for computing research \cite{Hoare03}. A certified compiler like Verifix is
117: %proven once to do semantically equivalent optimizations and translations
118: %\cite{GlesnerGoosZimmeermann04,GoosZimmermann00}. Translation validation proves
119: %at every compiler run that the translation is correct and was introduced by
120: %Pnueli et al.\ \cite{Pnueli98a,Pnueli98b} and Necula \cite{Necula00}. Until now
121: %some optimizations have been verified, recently lazy code motion
122: %\cite{TristanLeroy09}, instruction scheduling \cite{TristanLeroy08}, or the whole
123: %code generation phase \cite{BlechPoetzsch07}. Another research direction is the
124: %construction of general frameworks for validation \cite{ZaksPnueli08} or
125: %generalizations like parameterized equivalence checking \cite{Kundu+09}.
1.9 andi 126:
1.7 andi 127:
1.13 knoop 128:
129:
1.1 andi 130: \subsubsection*{Previous achievements:}
131: %\emph{Brief description of your own contributions to the related
132: %scientific state-of-the art (5-10 lines)}
1.10 knoop 133: Jens Knoop's research focuses on proven correct and optimal program
134: analyses and optimizations \cite{Kn-lncs1428}. He is the co-inventor
135: of the \emph{Lazy Code Motion}
1.13 knoop 136: \cite{KRS-pldi92,KRS-retrolcm04,XueK06}, and numerous other program
137: analyses and optimizations including
138: \emph{partial dead-code elimination} \cite{KRS-pldi94} and
139: \emph{partially redundant assignment elimination} \cite{KRS-pldi94},
140: which are now part of state-of-the-art compilers. Regarding the
141: present PP, particularly important are the achievements on
142: resource-aware program analyes and optimizations including the
143: code-size sensitive \emph{Sparse Code Motion} \cite{RKS-popl00}, and its
144: counterpart for \emph{Speculative Code Motion} \cite{scholz04}.
145: Recent research in the frame of the FWF project CoSTA and the EU FP7
146: project ALL-TIMES focuses on compiler support for
1.10 knoop 147: \emph{worst-case execution time analysis} for safety-critical
148: real-time embedded systems
1.13 knoop 149: \cite{Prantl:WCET2009,SchrSchoKn09,Prantl:WLPE2008,prantl_et_al:DSP:2008:1661,kirner_et_al:DSP:2008:1657,kirner_et_al:DSP:2007:1197}.
150:
151: % He served on $50+$
152: %programme committees of international conferences including PLDI, CC,
153: %TACAS, Formal Methods, and Supercomputing. He was the General Chair of
154: %PLDI'02 and ETAPS'06, and is Programme Committee Co-Chair of PACT'10. He is the
155: %iniator and co-founder of the annual workshop series on
156: %\emph{Compiler Optimization meets Compiler Verification} (since 2002),
157: %co-organizer of 4 Dagstuhl seminars, most recently on \emph{Verifying
158: %Optimizing Compilation}, and a member of the European Network of
159: %Excellence HiPEAC.
1.10 knoop 160: %, and the IFIP WG 2.4 \emph{Software Implementation Technology}.
1.1 andi 161:
162: Andreas Krall does research in the area of architecture description
163: languages and the automatic generation of highly optimizing compilers,
164: efficient instruction set simulators and hardware from one single
165: specification of a processor \cite{BrFeKrRi09,BrEbKr07,FaKrHo07,
166: FarKrStBrand06,Krall+04micro}. An important focus is on optimization
167: techniques for embedded processors
1.13 knoop 168: \cite{EbBrSchKrWiKa08,MeKr07,PrKrHo06,HiKr03} as he leads the Christian
1.1 andi 169: Doppler research laboratory {\em compilation techniques for embedded
170: processors} with partners from industry (Infineon, OnDemand
171: Microelectronics).
172:
1.13 knoop 173: The PP is designed to exploit the synergies of the complementary
174: expertise of Jens Knoop on resource-aware program analyses and
175: optimizations and their verification and of Andreas Krall on
176: compilation techniques for embedded processors. Their complementary
177: expertise is essential for the PP.
178:
1.1 andi 179:
180: \subsubsection*{Goals (first 4 years):}
181: %\emph{Description of the research
182: %topics to be addressed during the first 4 years. Make sure to explicitly
183: %stress what the significant additions to the scientific knowledge are,
184: %and why they are important. (30-40 lines)}
1.13 knoop 185: The goals of the first 4 years are as follows:
1.1 andi 186:
1.13 knoop 187: \begin{itemize}
188: \item New modeling and representation techniques of non-functional
189: program and system properties on the programming and
190: intermediate language levels
191: \item Definitions and measures of non-functional program and system
192: properties (performance, time, space/memory, power,
193: concurrency).
194: \item Modeling and representation of these properties alongside
195: with the programming languages semantics
196: \item Adapting and enhancing state-of-the-art compilation techniques
197: towards non-functional property and platform awareness
198: \item New functional and non-functional property and platform-aware
199: compilation techniques
200: \item Analyses for non-functional program and system properties
201: \item Functional and non-functional property and platform-aware
202: code generation techniques
203: \item Enabling validation and verification throughout the compilation
204: process
205: \item Techniques for reducing or eliminating trusted code,
206: annotation, etc., bases
207: \end{itemize}
208: These goals are essential for making the development and the
209: compilation of embedded systems software more reliable and
210: robust. Moreover, they are the basis for the second 4 years extension
211: of the project.
1.1 andi 212:
213:
214: \subsubsection*{Work Plan (first 4 years):}
215: %\emph{Brief description of how
216: %you intend to conduct the actual research during the first 4 years. Be sure
217: %to also describe and (coarsely) quantify the resources (staff, cost of
218: %special equipment) required for this work in a table. (20-30 lines)}
1.11 knoop 219: Compilation techniques for robust embedded systems comprise different
220: areas. Therefore, the project is divided into three work packages:
1.13 knoop 221: \emph{compilation and simulation techniques for reliability}, \emph{verified
222: compilation} and \emph{resource analysis}.
1.1 andi 223:
1.5 andi 224: \paragraph*{WP1 - Compilation and Simulation Techniques for Reliability}
1.1 andi 225:
1.6 andi 226: In previous work we have developed a processor description language
227: with a very concise semantics from where we automatically generate
228: optimized compilers \cite{BrEbKr07} and high efficient instruction set
229: simulators \cite{BrFeKrRi09}. This environment we use as testbed for
230: our compiler optimizations for embedded processors
231: \cite{EbBrSchKrWiKa08,PrKrHo06,MeKr07}. We will extend this
232: environment to do research on compilation and simulation techniques to
233: enhance the reliability of processor/memory systems by mixed
234: hardware/software and pure software techniques.
1.1 andi 235:
1.5 andi 236: \begin{itemize}
237: \item Specification method to specify an energy consumption model in
238: a processor specification.
239: \item Specification method for redundancy and error correction in the
240: processor specification
241: \item Specification method for fault injection and fault checking in
242: the processor specification
243: \item Generation of optimized instruction set simulators from the
1.6 andi 244: extended processor specification
245: \item Generation of optimizing compilers from the extended processor
246: specification
1.5 andi 247: \item Research into new compiler optimizations to increase reliability by
248: pure software solutions, mixed hardware/software solutions and
249: balancing performance, code space, reliability and energy consumption
250: \item Research of correctness proofs and validation of the new optimizations
251:
252: \end{itemize}
253:
254: \paragraph*{WP2 - Verified Compilation}
255:
1.8 andi 256: Suitable semantics are necessary which support efficient translation
1.11 knoop 257: validation or support easy verification of a compiler. We will
258: research into different semantics and into mappings between the
259: semantics of our processor description language \cite{BrEbKr07} and a
260: compiler backend semantics, intermediate representation semantics
261: (compatible to LLVM) and source language semantics. The main research
262: will be on verification and translation validation for all kinds of
263: compiler optimizations.
1.8 andi 264:
265: \begin{itemize}
266: \item Evaluate different semantics regarding suitability for compiler
267: verification and translation validation, eventually develop new
268: semantics
269: \item Develop a translator for an automatic mapping from our processor
270: description language into verification semantics
271: \item Develop a validation system from the intermediate representation
272: (LLVM) to the processor semantics
273: \item Develop a validation system from the source language (C) to the
274: intermediate representation (LLVM)
275: \item Research into verification and translation validation for different
276: frontend and backend optimizations
277: \end{itemize}
1.5 andi 278:
1.11 knoop 279: \paragraph*{WP3 - Resource Analysis}
280: For safety-critical real-time embedded sytems resource consumption
281: measured in terms of a quantitative aspect of a program execution such
282: as execution time, storage use, and power consumption belongs rather
283: to the functional properties of an application rather its
284: non-functional ones. Formal guarantees on resource consumption are
285: thus essential and mandatory to ensure the robustness of such
286: systems. This requires new and usually more complex but more
287: expressive program analyses and transformations to support the (1)
288: programmer during source code development by early and automatically
289: providing hints on resource consumption and (2) the compiler to
290: optimize for resource consumption. In our previous work we focused on
291: compiler support for
1.14 ! knoop 292: \emph{worst-case execution time analysis $($WCET$)$} \cite{Prantl:WCET2009,Prantl:WLPE2008,prantl_et_al:DSP:2008:1661,kirner_et_al:DSP:2008:1657}. Based on this work we will extend this research towards
1.11 knoop 293: other quantitive aspects of resource consumption, especially storage
294: usage, towards these two global objectives, using the programming
295: environment used there as testbed for implementation
296: \cite{Prantl:WCET2009,Prantl:WLPE2008,prantl_et_al:DSP:2008:1661,kirner_et_al:DSP:2008:1657}.
297:
298: \begin{itemize}
299: \item Research into new program analyses for providing high-quality
300: bounds on resourse consumption which are useful for both the
301: application programmer and the compiler.
302: \item Research new program analyses and static optimizations
303: to optimize for resource consumption and to help complying to
304: possibly given limits.
305: \item Research suitable abstraction levels of interfaces and modes
306: of interaction between fully automatic program analysis and
307: verification methods and semi-automatic ones relying on
308: user-assistance because of undecidability issues
309: \item Research the synergies and the trade-off between fully
310: automatic program analysis and verification methods and
311: semi-automatic ones utilizing user-assistance on high-quality
312: resource bounds and the computational costs to compute them.
313: \item Research simulation and profiling methods to assess the
1.13 knoop 314: quality of resource consumption analyses and to support
315: correctness and security checks at run-time.
1.11 knoop 316: \end{itemize}
317: Overall, this WP will contribute to the design, foundations,
318: verification, implementation, and application of resource analyses.
319:
1.1 andi 320:
1.2 andi 321:
1.1 andi 322:
323: \begin{tabular}{llll}
1.5 andi 324: \\
1.1 andi 325: \hline
1.2 andi 326: {\bf Pos} & {\bf Type} & {\bf Description} & {\bf Duration} \\
327: NN1 & PhD & reliable compilation / simulation & 4 years \\
1.5 andi 328: NN2 & PhD & verified compilation & 4 years \\
1.14 ! knoop 329: NN3 & PhD & resource analysis & 4 years \\
1.1 andi 330: \hline
331: \end{tabular}
332:
333:
334: \subsubsection*{Goals (last 4 years):}
335: %\emph{Brief description of the
1.12 andi 336: %research topics to be addressed during the last 4 years. Make sure to
1.1 andi 337: %explicitly stress what the significant additions to the scientific
338: %knowledge are, and why they are important. (20-30 lines)}
339:
1.12 andi 340: In the last 4 years we will extend the research of the first years into
341: some additional directions like
342:
343: \begin{itemize}
344: \item New programming languages and compilers for RESs
345: \item Non-functional properties and requirements as first-class language and
346: compiler citizens
347: \item New compilation techniques enabling a uniform and integrated approach
348: for ensuring functional and non-functional program and system requirements
349: \item Verified compilers, proof-carrying code, verifying compilation for RESs
350: \item Making legacy applications fit to and available on RESs
351: \item Techniques for adjusting and decompiling legacy applications
352: \end{itemize}
353:
354: Application of the results of this research reduces the cost of the
355: development of reliable and correct embedded systems and makes them
356: safer and robust.
1.1 andi 357:
358: \subsubsection*{Collaboration with other PPs:}
359: %\emph{List the PPs you are expecting to collaborate with, and describe briefly
360: %the topic and nature of such a collaboration. (10-20 lines)}
361:
362: \begin{itemize}
363: \item PP Composition of Non-functional Requirements [I.S.T.A./Henzinger]:
364: Links to specification and modeling of timing properties, to execution
365: models, hardware and software models.
366: \item PP Composition and Predictability in RES Architectures
1.14 ! knoop 367: [E182.1/Puschner]: Links to hard- and software models for time
1.1 andi 368: predictable systems, verification of timing behaviour.
369: \item PP Formal Verification for Robustness [E184/Veith]: Links to software
1.10 knoop 370: model-checking and testing of code (on source code and intermediate
1.1 andi 371: code levels), support for program analysis and transformation.
1.14 ! knoop 372: \item PP Modeling \& Analysis of Robust Distributed Systems [E182.2/Schmid]:
1.1 andi 373: Links to functional and non-functional system requirements,
374: distribution, concurrency.
375: \end{itemize}
376:
377: \subsubsection*{External Collaborations:}
378: %\emph{List envisioned international and national collaborations, and
379: %describe briefly the topic and nature of such a collaboration. (5-10
380: %lines)}
1.10 knoop 381: \begin{itemize}
1.12 andi 382: \item Walter Binder, University of Lugano, Switzerland (resource analysis)
383: \item Sabine Glesner, TU Berlin, Berlin, Germany (verified compilation)
384: \item Aviral Shrivastava, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA (reliable compilation)
1.10 knoop 385: \item Wolf Zimmermann, Martin-Luther Universit\"at Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
1.12 andi 386: (verified compilation)
1.10 knoop 387: \end{itemize}
1.1 andi 388:
389: \begin{comment}
390: %Bitte hier die Bibtex-Entries einfuellen, z.B.,
391:
392:
393: ------------------------------------
394:
395: @article{Hoare,
396: author = {Tony Hoare},
397: title = {The verifying compiler: A grand challenge for computing research},
398: journal = {Journal of the ACM},
399: volume = {50},
400: number = {1},
401: year = {2003},
402: issn = {0004-5411},
403: pages = {63--69},
404: doi = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/602382.602403},
405: publisher = {ACM},
406: address = {New York, NY, USA},
407: }
408:
409: @article{1328444,
410: author = {Jean-Baptiste Tristan and Xavier Leroy},
411: title = {Formal verification of translation validators: a case study on instruction scheduling optimizations},
412: journal = {SIGPLAN Not.},
413: volume = {43},
414: number = {1},
415: year = {2008},
416: issn = {0362-1340},
417: pages = {17--27},
418: doi = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1328897.1328444},
419: publisher = {ACM},
420: address = {New York, NY, USA},
421: }
422:
423: @article{1314860,
424: author = {Jan Olaf Blech and Arnd Poetzsch-Heffter},
425: title = {A Certifying Code Generation Phase},
426: journal = {Electron. Notes Theor. Comput. Sci.},
427: volume = {190},
428: number = {4},
429: year = {2007},
430: issn = {1571-0661},
431: pages = {65--82},
432: doi = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.entcs.2007.09.008},
433: publisher = {Elsevier Science Publishers B. V.},
434: address = {Amsterdam, The Netherlands, The Netherlands},
435: }
436:
437: @INPROCEEDINGS{LeeShrivastava09,
438: TITLE = {A Compiler Optimization to Reduce Soft Errors in Register Files},
439: AUTHOR = {Jongeun Lee and Aviral Shrivastava},
440: BOOKTITLE = {ACM SIGPLAN/SIGBED Conference on Languages, Compilers, and Tools for Embedded Systems},
441: EDITOR = {Mahmut Kandemir},
442: PUBLISHER = {ACM},
443: PAGES = {??--??},
444: ADDRESS = {Dublin},
445: MONTH = {June},
446: YEAR = {2009},
447: }
448:
449: @BOOK{MishraDutt08,
450: TITLE = {Processor Description Languages},
451: AUTHOR = {Prabhat Mishra and Nikil Dutt (Editor)},
452: PUBLISHER = {Morgan Kaufmann},
453: YEAR = {2008},
454: }
455:
456:
457:
458: %Eigene Referenzen ab hier.
459:
460: @InProceedings{SchrSchoKn09,
461: TITLE = "Adding Timing-Awareness to {AUTOSAR} Basic-Software - A Component Based Approach",
462: AUTHOR = "Dietmar Schreiner and Markus Schordan and Jens Knoop",
463: BOOKTITLE = "12th IEEE International Symposium on Object/component/service-oriented
464: Real-time distributed Computing (ISORC 2009)",
465: PUBLISHER = "IEEE",
466: ADDRESS = "Tokyo, Japan",
467: YEAR = "2009",
468: MONTH = "March",
469: PAGES = "288--292",
470: }
471:
472: @inproceedings{Prantl:WLPE2008,
473: Address = {Udine, Italy},
474: Author = {Adrian Prantl and Jens Knoop and Markus Schordan and Markus Triska},
475: Booktitle = {The 18th Workshop on Logic-based methods in Programming Environments (WLPE 2008)},
476: Month = {December 12},
477: Title = {Constraint solving for high-level WCET analysis},
478: Year = {2008},
479: URL = {http://costa.tuwien.ac.at/papers/wlpe08.pdf}
480: }
481:
482: @InProceedings{prantl_et_al:DSP:2008:1661,
483: author = "Adrian Prantl and Markus Schordan and Jens Knoop",
484: title = "TuBound - {A} Conceptually New Tool for Worst-Case
485: Execution Time Analysis",
486: booktitle = "8th Intl. Workshop on Worst-Case Execution Time (WCET)
487: Analysis",
488: year = "2008",
489: editor = "Raimund Kirner",
490: publisher = "Schloss Dagstuhl - Leibniz-Zentrum fuer Informatik,
491: Germany",
492: address = "Dagstuhl, Germany",
493: URL = "http://drops.dagstuhl.de/opus/volltexte/2008/1661",
494: annote = "Keywords: Worst-case execution time (WCET) analysis,
495: Tool Chain, Flow Constraints, Source-To-Source",
496: ISBN = "978-3-939897-10-1",
497: note = "also published in print by Austrian Computer Society
498: (OCG) under ISBN 978-3-85403-237-3",
499: }
500:
501: @InProceedings{kirner_et_al:DSP:2008:1657,
502: author = "Raimund Kirner and Albrecht Kadlec and Adrian Prantl
503: and Markus Schordan and Jens Knoop",
504: title = "Towards a Common {WCET} Annotation Language: Essential
505: Ingredients",
506: booktitle = "8th Intl. Workshop on Worst-Case Execution Time (WCET)
507: Analysis",
508: year = "2008",
509: editor = "Raimund Kirner",
510: publisher = "Schloss Dagstuhl - Leibniz-Zentrum fuer Informatik,
511: Germany",
512: address = "Dagstuhl, Germany",
513: URL = "http://drops.dagstuhl.de/opus/volltexte/2008/1657",
514: annote = "Keywords: Worst-case execution time (WCET) analysis,
515: annotation languages, WCET annotation language
516: challenge",
517: ISBN = "978-3-939897-10-1",
518: note = "also published in print by Austrian Computer Society
519: (OCG) under ISBN 978-3-85403-237-3",
520: }
521:
522: @InProceedings{kirner_et_al:DSP:2007:1197,
523: author = "Raimund Kirner and Jens Knoop and Adrian Prantl and
524: Markus Schordan and Ingomar Wenzel",
525: title = "{WCET} Analysis: The Annotation Language Challenge",
526: booktitle = "7th Intl. Workshop on Worst-Case Execution Time (WCET)
527: Analysis",
528: year = "2007",
529: editor = "Christine Rochange",
530: publisher = "Internationales Begegnungs- und Forschungszentrum
531: f{"u}r Informatik (IBFI), Schloss Dagstuhl, Germany",
532: address = "Dagstuhl, Germany",
533: URL = "http://drops.dagstuhl.de/opus/volltexte/2007/1197",
534: annote = "Keywords: Worst-case execution time analysis, WCET,
535: path description, annotation language challenge,
536: expressiveness, convenience",
537: }
538:
539:
540: @InProceedings{knoop:DSP:2008:1575,
541: author = {Jens Knoop},
542: title = {Data-Flow Analysis for Multi-Core Computing Systems: A Reminder to Reverse Data-Flow Analysis},
543: booktitle = {Scalable Program Analysis},
544: year = {2008},
545: editor = {Florian Martin and Hanne Riis Nielson and Claudio Riva and Markus Schordan},
546: number = {08161},
547: series = {Dagstuhl Seminar Proceedings},
548: ISSN = {1862-4405},
549: publisher = {Schloss Dagstuhl - Leibniz-Zentrum fuer Informatik, Germany},
550: address = {Dagstuhl, Germany},
551: URL = {http://drops.dagstuhl.de/opus/volltexte/2008/1575},
552: annote = {Keywords: Multi-core computing systems, scalable program analysis, reverse data-flow analysis, demand-driven data-flow analysis}
553: }
554:
555: @InProceedings{conf/cc/XueK06,
556: title = "A Fresh Look at {PRE} as a Maximum Flow Problem",
557: author = "Jingling Xue and Jens Knoop",
558: bibdate = "2006-04-05",
559: bibsource = "DBLP,
560: http://dblp.uni-trier.de/db/conf/cc/cc2006.html#XueK06",
561: booktitle = "CC",
562: booktitle = "Compiler Construction, 15th International Conference,
563: {CC} 2006, Held as Part of the Joint European
564: Conferences on Theory and Practice of Software, {ETAPS}
565: 2006, Vienna, Austria, March 30-31, 2006, Proceedings",
566: publisher = "Springer",
567: year = "2006",
568: volume = "3923",
569: editor = "Alan Mycroft and Andreas Zeller",
570: ISBN = "3-540-33050-X",
571: pages = "139--154",
572: series = "Lecture Notes in Computer Science",
573: URL = "http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/11688839_13",
574: }
575:
576: @InProceedings{scholz04,
577: author = "Bernhard Scholz and Nigel Horspool and Jens Knoop",
578: title = "Optimizing for space and time usage with speculative
579: partial redundancy elimination",
580: booktitle = "LCTES '04: Proceedings of the 2004 ACM SIGPLAN/SIGBED
581: conference on Languages, Compilers, and Tools for Embedded Systems",
582: year = "2004",
583: ISBN = "1-58113-806-7",
584: pages = "221--230",
585: location = "Washington, DC, USA",
586: publisher = "ACM Press",
587: }
588:
589: @InProceedings{HiKr03,
590: TITLE = "{VLIW} Operation Refinement for Reducing Energy Consumption",
591: AUTHOR = "Ulrich Hirnschrott and Andreas Krall",
592: BOOKTITLE = "International Symposium on System-on Chip",
593: PUBLISHER = "IEEE",
594: ADDRESS = "Tampere, Finland",
595: YEAR = "2003",
596: PAGES = "131--134",
597: }
598:
599: @Article{Krall+04micro,
600: author = {Andreas Krall and Ulrich Hirnschrott and Christian Panis and Ivan Pryanishnikov},
601: title = {x{DSP}core: {A} {C}ompiler-{B}ased {C}onfigureable {D}igital {S}ignal {P}rocessor},
602: journal = {IEEE Micro},
603: year = {2004},
604: OPTkey = {},
605: volume = {24},
606: number = {4},
607: pages = {67-78},
608: month = {July/August},
609: OPTnote = {},
610: OPTannote = {},
611: }
612:
613: @INPROCEEDINGS{FarKrStBrand06,
614: TITLE = {Effective Compiler Generation by Architecture Description},
615: AUTHOR = {Stefan Farfeleder and Andreas Krall and Edwin Steiner and Florian Brandner},
616: BOOKTITLE = {ACM SIGPLAN/SIGBED Conference on Languages, Compilers, and Tools for Embedded Systems},
617: EDITOR = {Koen De Bosschere},
618: PUBLISHER = {ACM},
619: PAGES = {145--152},
620: ADDRESS = {Ottawa},
621: MONTH = {June},
622: YEAR = {2006},
623: URL = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1134650.1134671},
624: }
625:
626: @ARTICLE{PrKrHo06,
627: AUTHOR = {Ivan Pryanishnikov and Andreas Krall and Nigel Horspool},
628: TITLE = {Compiler Optimizations for Processors with {SIMD} Instructions},
629: JOURNAL = {Software---Practice and Experience},
630: PUBLISHER = {Wiley},
631: VOLUME = {37},
632: NUMBER = {1},
633: PAGES = {93--113},
634: YEAR = {2007},
635: URL = {http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/cgi-bin/fulltext/112783581/PDFSTART},
636: }
637:
638: @ARTICLE{FaKrHo07,
639: AUTHOR = {Stefan Farfeleder and Andreas Krall and Nigel Horspool},
640: TITLE = {Ultra Fast Cycle-Accurate Compiled Emulation of Inorder Pipelined Architectures},
641: JOURNAL = {Journal of Systems Architecture},
642: PUBLISHER = {Elsevier},
643: VOLUME = {53},
644: NUMBER = {8},
645: PAGES = {501--510},
646: YEAR = {2007},
647: }
648:
649: @INPROCEEDINGS{MeKr07,
650: TITLE = {Instruction Set Encoding Optimization for Code Size Reduction},
651: AUTHOR = {Michael Med and Andreas Krall},
652: BOOKTITLE = {International Conference on Embedded Computer Systems: Architectures, Modeling, and Simulation},
653: ADDRESS = {Samos, Greece},
654: PAGES = {9--17},
655: MONTH = {July},
656: YEAR = {2007}
657: }
658:
659: @INPROCEEDINGS{BrEbKr07,
660: TITLE = {Compiler Generation from Structural Architecture Descriptions},
661: AUTHOR = {Florian Brandner and Dietmar Ebner and Andreas Krall},
662: BOOKTITLE = {International Conference on Compilers, Architecture, and Synthesis for Embedded Systems},
663: ADDRESS = {Salzburg, Austria},
664: PAGES = {13--22},
665: MONTH = {September},
666: YEAR = {2007}
667: }
668:
669: @INPROCEEDINGS{EbBrSchKrWiKa08,
670: TITLE = {Generalized Instruction Selection using {SSA}-Graphs},
671: AUTHOR = {Dietmar Ebner and Florian Brandner and Bernhard Scholz and Andreas Krall and Peter Wiedermann and Albrecht Kadlec},
672: BOOKTITLE = {ACM SIGPLAN/SIGBED Conference on Languages, Compilers, and Tools for Embedded Systems},
673: EDITOR = {John Regehr},
674: PUBLISHER = {ACM},
675: PAGES = {31--40},
676: ADDRESS = {Tucson},
677: MONTH = {June},
678: YEAR = {2008},
679: }
680:
681: @INPROCEEDINGS{BrFeKrRi09,
682: TITLE = {Fast and Accurate Simulation using the LLVM Compiler Framework},
683: AUTHOR = {Florian Brandner and Andreas Fellnhofer and Andreas Krall and David Riegler},
684: BOOKTITLE = {Rapid Simulation and Performance Evaluation: Methods and Tools (RAPIDO'09)},
685: EDITOR = {Smail Niar, Rainer Leupers, Olivier Temam},
686: PUBLISHER = {HiPEAC},
687: PAGES = {1--6},
688: ADDRESS = {Paphos, Cyprus},
689: MONTH = {January},
690: YEAR = {2009},
691: }
692: \end{comment}
693:
694: \bibliography{res} % Input von res.bib, kommt dann spaeter dazu ...
695:
696: \end{document}
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