1: @ignore
2: @c Set file name and title for man page.
3: @setfilename gpl
4: @settitle GNU General Public License
5: @c man begin SEEALSO
6: gfdl(7), fsf-funding(7).
7: @c man end
8: @c man begin COPYRIGHT
9: Copyright @copyright{} 1989, 1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
10: 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA
11:
12: Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
13: of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.
14: @c man end
15: @end ignore
16: @node Copying
17: @c man begin DESCRIPTION
18: @appendixsec GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
19: @center Version 2, June 1991
20:
21: @display
22: Copyright @copyright{} 1989, 1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
23: 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA
24:
25: Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
26: of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.
27: @end display
28:
29: @unnumberedsec Preamble
30:
31: The licenses for most software are designed to take away your
32: freedom to share and change it. By contrast, the GNU General Public
33: License is intended to guarantee your freedom to share and change free
34: software---to make sure the software is free for all its users. This
35: General Public License applies to most of the Free Software
36: Foundation's software and to any other program whose authors commit to
37: using it. (Some other Free Software Foundation software is covered by
38: the GNU Library General Public License instead.) You can apply it to
39: your programs, too.
40:
41: When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom, not
42: price. Our General Public Licenses are designed to make sure that you
43: have the freedom to distribute copies of free software (and charge for
44: this service if you wish), that you receive source code or can get it
45: if you want it, that you can change the software or use pieces of it
46: in new free programs; and that you know you can do these things.
47:
48: To protect your rights, we need to make restrictions that forbid
49: anyone to deny you these rights or to ask you to surrender the rights.
50: These restrictions translate to certain responsibilities for you if you
51: distribute copies of the software, or if you modify it.
52:
53: For example, if you distribute copies of such a program, whether
54: gratis or for a fee, you must give the recipients all the rights that
55: you have. You must make sure that they, too, receive or can get the
56: source code. And you must show them these terms so they know their
57: rights.
58:
59: We protect your rights with two steps: (1) copyright the software, and
60: (2) offer you this license which gives you legal permission to copy,
61: distribute and/or modify the software.
62:
63: Also, for each author's protection and ours, we want to make certain
64: that everyone understands that there is no warranty for this free
65: software. If the software is modified by someone else and passed on, we
66: want its recipients to know that what they have is not the original, so
67: that any problems introduced by others will not reflect on the original
68: authors' reputations.
69:
70: Finally, any free program is threatened constantly by software
71: patents. We wish to avoid the danger that redistributors of a free
72: program will individually obtain patent licenses, in effect making the
73: program proprietary. To prevent this, we have made it clear that any
74: patent must be licensed for everyone's free use or not licensed at all.
75:
76: The precise terms and conditions for copying, distribution and
77: modification follow.
78:
79: @iftex
80: @unnumberedsec TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR COPYING, DISTRIBUTION AND MODIFICATION
81: @end iftex
82: @ifnottex
83: @center TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR COPYING, DISTRIBUTION AND MODIFICATION
84: @end ifnottex
85:
86: @enumerate 0
87: @item
88: This License applies to any program or other work which contains
89: a notice placed by the copyright holder saying it may be distributed
90: under the terms of this General Public License. The ``Program'', below,
91: refers to any such program or work, and a ``work based on the Program''
92: means either the Program or any derivative work under copyright law:
93: that is to say, a work containing the Program or a portion of it,
94: either verbatim or with modifications and/or translated into another
95: language. (Hereinafter, translation is included without limitation in
96: the term ``modification''.) Each licensee is addressed as ``you''.
97:
98: Activities other than copying, distribution and modification are not
99: covered by this License; they are outside its scope. The act of
100: running the Program is not restricted, and the output from the Program
101: is covered only if its contents constitute a work based on the
102: Program (independent of having been made by running the Program).
103: Whether that is true depends on what the Program does.
104:
105: @item
106: You may copy and distribute verbatim copies of the Program's
107: source code as you receive it, in any medium, provided that you
108: conspicuously and appropriately publish on each copy an appropriate
109: copyright notice and disclaimer of warranty; keep intact all the
110: notices that refer to this License and to the absence of any warranty;
111: and give any other recipients of the Program a copy of this License
112: along with the Program.
113:
114: You may charge a fee for the physical act of transferring a copy, and
115: you may at your option offer warranty protection in exchange for a fee.
116:
117: @item
118: You may modify your copy or copies of the Program or any portion
119: of it, thus forming a work based on the Program, and copy and
120: distribute such modifications or work under the terms of Section 1
121: above, provided that you also meet all of these conditions:
122:
123: @enumerate a
124: @item
125: You must cause the modified files to carry prominent notices
126: stating that you changed the files and the date of any change.
127:
128: @item
129: You must cause any work that you distribute or publish, that in
130: whole or in part contains or is derived from the Program or any
131: part thereof, to be licensed as a whole at no charge to all third
132: parties under the terms of this License.
133:
134: @item
135: If the modified program normally reads commands interactively
136: when run, you must cause it, when started running for such
137: interactive use in the most ordinary way, to print or display an
138: announcement including an appropriate copyright notice and a
139: notice that there is no warranty (or else, saying that you provide
140: a warranty) and that users may redistribute the program under
141: these conditions, and telling the user how to view a copy of this
142: License. (Exception: if the Program itself is interactive but
143: does not normally print such an announcement, your work based on
144: the Program is not required to print an announcement.)
145: @end enumerate
146:
147: These requirements apply to the modified work as a whole. If
148: identifiable sections of that work are not derived from the Program,
149: and can be reasonably considered independent and separate works in
150: themselves, then this License, and its terms, do not apply to those
151: sections when you distribute them as separate works. But when you
152: distribute the same sections as part of a whole which is a work based
153: on the Program, the distribution of the whole must be on the terms of
154: this License, whose permissions for other licensees extend to the
155: entire whole, and thus to each and every part regardless of who wrote it.
156:
157: Thus, it is not the intent of this section to claim rights or contest
158: your rights to work written entirely by you; rather, the intent is to
159: exercise the right to control the distribution of derivative or
160: collective works based on the Program.
161:
162: In addition, mere aggregation of another work not based on the Program
163: with the Program (or with a work based on the Program) on a volume of
164: a storage or distribution medium does not bring the other work under
165: the scope of this License.
166:
167: @item
168: You may copy and distribute the Program (or a work based on it,
169: under Section 2) in object code or executable form under the terms of
170: Sections 1 and 2 above provided that you also do one of the following:
171:
172: @enumerate a
173: @item
174: Accompany it with the complete corresponding machine-readable
175: source code, which must be distributed under the terms of Sections
176: 1 and 2 above on a medium customarily used for software interchange; or,
177:
178: @item
179: Accompany it with a written offer, valid for at least three
180: years, to give any third party, for a charge no more than your
181: cost of physically performing source distribution, a complete
182: machine-readable copy of the corresponding source code, to be
183: distributed under the terms of Sections 1 and 2 above on a medium
184: customarily used for software interchange; or,
185:
186: @item
187: Accompany it with the information you received as to the offer
188: to distribute corresponding source code. (This alternative is
189: allowed only for noncommercial distribution and only if you
190: received the program in object code or executable form with such
191: an offer, in accord with Subsection b above.)
192: @end enumerate
193:
194: The source code for a work means the preferred form of the work for
195: making modifications to it. For an executable work, complete source
196: code means all the source code for all modules it contains, plus any
197: associated interface definition files, plus the scripts used to
198: control compilation and installation of the executable. However, as a
199: special exception, the source code distributed need not include
200: anything that is normally distributed (in either source or binary
201: form) with the major components (compiler, kernel, and so on) of the
202: operating system on which the executable runs, unless that component
203: itself accompanies the executable.
204:
205: If distribution of executable or object code is made by offering
206: access to copy from a designated place, then offering equivalent
207: access to copy the source code from the same place counts as
208: distribution of the source code, even though third parties are not
209: compelled to copy the source along with the object code.
210:
211: @item
212: You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Program
213: except as expressly provided under this License. Any attempt
214: otherwise to copy, modify, sublicense or distribute the Program is
215: void, and will automatically terminate your rights under this License.
216: However, parties who have received copies, or rights, from you under
217: this License will not have their licenses terminated so long as such
218: parties remain in full compliance.
219:
220: @item
221: You are not required to accept this License, since you have not
222: signed it. However, nothing else grants you permission to modify or
223: distribute the Program or its derivative works. These actions are
224: prohibited by law if you do not accept this License. Therefore, by
225: modifying or distributing the Program (or any work based on the
226: Program), you indicate your acceptance of this License to do so, and
227: all its terms and conditions for copying, distributing or modifying
228: the Program or works based on it.
229:
230: @item
231: Each time you redistribute the Program (or any work based on the
232: Program), the recipient automatically receives a license from the
233: original licensor to copy, distribute or modify the Program subject to
234: these terms and conditions. You may not impose any further
235: restrictions on the recipients' exercise of the rights granted herein.
236: You are not responsible for enforcing compliance by third parties to
237: this License.
238:
239: @item
240: If, as a consequence of a court judgment or allegation of patent
241: infringement or for any other reason (not limited to patent issues),
242: conditions are imposed on you (whether by court order, agreement or
243: otherwise) that contradict the conditions of this License, they do not
244: excuse you from the conditions of this License. If you cannot
245: distribute so as to satisfy simultaneously your obligations under this
246: License and any other pertinent obligations, then as a consequence you
247: may not distribute the Program at all. For example, if a patent
248: license would not permit royalty-free redistribution of the Program by
249: all those who receive copies directly or indirectly through you, then
250: the only way you could satisfy both it and this License would be to
251: refrain entirely from distribution of the Program.
252:
253: If any portion of this section is held invalid or unenforceable under
254: any particular circumstance, the balance of the section is intended to
255: apply and the section as a whole is intended to apply in other
256: circumstances.
257:
258: It is not the purpose of this section to induce you to infringe any
259: patents or other property right claims or to contest validity of any
260: such claims; this section has the sole purpose of protecting the
261: integrity of the free software distribution system, which is
262: implemented by public license practices. Many people have made
263: generous contributions to the wide range of software distributed
264: through that system in reliance on consistent application of that
265: system; it is up to the author/donor to decide if he or she is willing
266: to distribute software through any other system and a licensee cannot
267: impose that choice.
268:
269: This section is intended to make thoroughly clear what is believed to
270: be a consequence of the rest of this License.
271:
272: @item
273: If the distribution and/or use of the Program is restricted in
274: certain countries either by patents or by copyrighted interfaces, the
275: original copyright holder who places the Program under this License
276: may add an explicit geographical distribution limitation excluding
277: those countries, so that distribution is permitted only in or among
278: countries not thus excluded. In such case, this License incorporates
279: the limitation as if written in the body of this License.
280:
281: @item
282: The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new versions
283: of the General Public License from time to time. Such new versions will
284: be similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ in detail to
285: address new problems or concerns.
286:
287: Each version is given a distinguishing version number. If the Program
288: specifies a version number of this License which applies to it and ``any
289: later version'', you have the option of following the terms and conditions
290: either of that version or of any later version published by the Free
291: Software Foundation. If the Program does not specify a version number of
292: this License, you may choose any version ever published by the Free Software
293: Foundation.
294:
295: @item
296: If you wish to incorporate parts of the Program into other free
297: programs whose distribution conditions are different, write to the author
298: to ask for permission. For software which is copyrighted by the Free
299: Software Foundation, write to the Free Software Foundation; we sometimes
300: make exceptions for this. Our decision will be guided by the two goals
301: of preserving the free status of all derivatives of our free software and
302: of promoting the sharing and reuse of software generally.
303:
304: @iftex
305: @heading NO WARRANTY
306: @end iftex
307: @ifnottex
308: @center NO WARRANTY
309: @end ifnottex
310:
311: @item
312: BECAUSE THE PROGRAM IS LICENSED FREE OF CHARGE, THERE IS NO WARRANTY
313: FOR THE PROGRAM, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW. EXCEPT WHEN
314: OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND/OR OTHER PARTIES
315: PROVIDE THE PROGRAM ``AS IS'' WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED
316: OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
317: MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. THE ENTIRE RISK AS
318: TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE PROGRAM IS WITH YOU. SHOULD THE
319: PROGRAM PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME THE COST OF ALL NECESSARY SERVICING,
320: REPAIR OR CORRECTION.
321:
322: @item
323: IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN WRITING
324: WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MAY MODIFY AND/OR
325: REDISTRIBUTE THE PROGRAM AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR DAMAGES,
326: INCLUDING ANY GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING
327: OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE PROGRAM (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED
328: TO LOSS OF DATA OR DATA BEING RENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY
329: YOU OR THIRD PARTIES OR A FAILURE OF THE PROGRAM TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER
330: PROGRAMS), EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE
331: POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES.
332: @end enumerate
333:
334: @iftex
335: @heading END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS
336: @end iftex
337: @ifnottex
338: @center END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS
339: @end ifnottex
340:
341: @page
342: @unnumberedsec How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs
343:
344: If you develop a new program, and you want it to be of the greatest
345: possible use to the public, the best way to achieve this is to make it
346: free software which everyone can redistribute and change under these terms.
347:
348: To do so, attach the following notices to the program. It is safest
349: to attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively
350: convey the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least
351: the ``copyright'' line and a pointer to where the full notice is found.
352:
353: @smallexample
354: @var{one line to give the program's name and a brief idea of what it does.}
355: Copyright (C) @var{year} @var{name of author}
356:
357: This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
358: it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
359: the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
360: (at your option) any later version.
361:
362: This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
363: but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
364: MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
365: GNU General Public License for more details.
366:
367: You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
368: along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
369: Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330,
370: Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA.
371: @end smallexample
372:
373: Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail.
374:
375: If the program is interactive, make it output a short notice like this
376: when it starts in an interactive mode:
377:
378: @smallexample
379: Gnomovision version 69, Copyright (C) @var{year} @var{name of author}
380: Gnomovision comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details
381: type `show w'.
382: This is free software, and you are welcome to redistribute it
383: under certain conditions; type `show c' for details.
384: @end smallexample
385:
386: The hypothetical commands @samp{show w} and @samp{show c} should show
387: the appropriate parts of the General Public License. Of course, the
388: commands you use may be called something other than @samp{show w} and
389: @samp{show c}; they could even be mouse-clicks or menu items---whatever
390: suits your program.
391:
392: You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or your
393: school, if any, to sign a ``copyright disclaimer'' for the program, if
394: necessary. Here is a sample; alter the names:
395:
396: @smallexample
397: Yoyodyne, Inc., hereby disclaims all copyright interest in the program
398: `Gnomovision' (which makes passes at compilers) written by James Hacker.
399:
400: @var{signature of Ty Coon}, 1 April 1989
401: Ty Coon, President of Vice
402: @end smallexample
403:
404: This General Public License does not permit incorporating your program into
405: proprietary programs. If your program is a subroutine library, you may
406: consider it more useful to permit linking proprietary applications with the
407: library. If this is what you want to do, use the GNU Library General
408: Public License instead of this License.
409: @c man end
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