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@ignore |
@c The GNU General Public License. |
@c Set file name and title for man page. |
@center Version 3, 29 June 2007 |
@setfilename gpl |
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@settitle GNU General Public License |
@c This file is intended to be included within another document, |
@c man begin SEEALSO |
@c hence no sectioning command or @node. |
gfdl(7), fsf-funding(7). |
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@c man end |
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@c man begin COPYRIGHT |
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Copyright @copyright{} 1989, 1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc. |
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59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA |
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Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies |
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of this license document, but changing it is not allowed. |
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@c man end |
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@end ignore |
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@node Copying |
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@c man begin DESCRIPTION |
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@appendixsec GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE |
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@center Version 2, June 1991 |
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@display |
@display |
Copyright @copyright{} 1989, 1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc. |
Copyright @copyright{} 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc. @url{http://fsf.org/} |
59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA |
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Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies |
Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies of this |
of this license document, but changing it is not allowed. |
license document, but changing it is not allowed. |
@end display |
@end display |
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|
@unnumberedsec Preamble |
@heading Preamble |
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The GNU General Public License is a free, copyleft license for |
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software and other kinds of works. |
|
|
The licenses for most software are designed to take away your |
The licenses for most software and other practical works are designed |
freedom to share and change it. By contrast, the GNU General Public |
to take away your freedom to share and change the works. By contrast, |
License is intended to guarantee your freedom to share and change free |
the GNU General Public License is intended to guarantee your freedom |
software---to make sure the software is free for all its users. This |
to share and change all versions of a program---to make sure it remains |
General Public License applies to most of the Free Software |
free software for all its users. We, the Free Software Foundation, |
Foundation's software and to any other program whose authors commit to |
use the GNU General Public License for most of our software; it |
using it. (Some other Free Software Foundation software is covered by |
applies also to any other work released this way by its authors. You |
the GNU Library General Public License instead.) You can apply it to |
can apply it to your programs, too. |
your programs, too. |
|
|
|
When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom, not |
When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom, not |
price. Our General Public Licenses are designed to make sure that you |
price. Our General Public Licenses are designed to make sure that you |
have the freedom to distribute copies of free software (and charge for |
have the freedom to distribute copies of free software (and charge for |
this service if you wish), that you receive source code or can get it |
them if you wish), that you receive source code or can get it if you |
if you want it, that you can change the software or use pieces of it |
want it, that you can change the software or use pieces of it in new |
in new free programs; and that you know you can do these things. |
free programs, and that you know you can do these things. |
|
|
To protect your rights, we need to make restrictions that forbid |
To protect your rights, we need to prevent others from denying you |
anyone to deny you these rights or to ask you to surrender the rights. |
these rights or asking you to surrender the rights. Therefore, you |
These restrictions translate to certain responsibilities for you if you |
have certain responsibilities if you distribute copies of the |
distribute copies of the software, or if you modify it. |
software, or if you modify it: responsibilities to respect the freedom |
|
of others. |
For example, if you distribute copies of such a program, whether |
|
gratis or for a fee, you must give the recipients all the rights that |
For example, if you distribute copies of such a program, whether |
you have. You must make sure that they, too, receive or can get the |
gratis or for a fee, you must pass on to the recipients the same |
source code. And you must show them these terms so they know their |
freedoms that you received. You must make sure that they, too, |
rights. |
receive or can get the source code. And you must show them these |
|
terms so they know their rights. |
We protect your rights with two steps: (1) copyright the software, and |
|
(2) offer you this license which gives you legal permission to copy, |
Developers that use the GNU GPL protect your rights with two steps: |
distribute and/or modify the software. |
(1) assert copyright on the software, and (2) offer you this License |
|
giving you legal permission to copy, distribute and/or modify it. |
Also, for each author's protection and ours, we want to make certain |
|
that everyone understands that there is no warranty for this free |
For the developers' and authors' protection, the GPL clearly explains |
software. If the software is modified by someone else and passed on, we |
that there is no warranty for this free software. For both users' and |
want its recipients to know that what they have is not the original, so |
authors' sake, the GPL requires that modified versions be marked as |
that any problems introduced by others will not reflect on the original |
changed, so that their problems will not be attributed erroneously to |
authors' reputations. |
authors of previous versions. |
|
|
Finally, any free program is threatened constantly by software |
Some devices are designed to deny users access to install or run |
patents. We wish to avoid the danger that redistributors of a free |
modified versions of the software inside them, although the |
program will individually obtain patent licenses, in effect making the |
manufacturer can do so. This is fundamentally incompatible with the |
program proprietary. To prevent this, we have made it clear that any |
aim of protecting users' freedom to change the software. The |
patent must be licensed for everyone's free use or not licensed at all. |
systematic pattern of such abuse occurs in the area of products for |
|
individuals to use, which is precisely where it is most unacceptable. |
|
Therefore, we have designed this version of the GPL to prohibit the |
|
practice for those products. If such problems arise substantially in |
|
other domains, we stand ready to extend this provision to those |
|
domains in future versions of the GPL, as needed to protect the |
|
freedom of users. |
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|
|
Finally, every program is threatened constantly by software patents. |
|
States should not allow patents to restrict development and use of |
|
software on general-purpose computers, but in those that do, we wish |
|
to avoid the special danger that patents applied to a free program |
|
could make it effectively proprietary. To prevent this, the GPL |
|
assures that patents cannot be used to render the program non-free. |
|
|
The precise terms and conditions for copying, distribution and |
The precise terms and conditions for copying, distribution and |
modification follow. |
modification follow. |
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@iftex |
@heading TERMS AND CONDITIONS |
@unnumberedsec TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR COPYING, DISTRIBUTION AND MODIFICATION |
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@end iftex |
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@ifnottex |
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@center TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR COPYING, DISTRIBUTION AND MODIFICATION |
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@end ifnottex |
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@enumerate 0 |
@enumerate 0 |
@item |
@item Definitions. |
This License applies to any program or other work which contains |
|
a notice placed by the copyright holder saying it may be distributed |
``This License'' refers to version 3 of the GNU General Public License. |
under the terms of this General Public License. The ``Program'', below, |
|
refers to any such program or work, and a ``work based on the Program'' |
``Copyright'' also means copyright-like laws that apply to other kinds |
means either the Program or any derivative work under copyright law: |
of works, such as semiconductor masks. |
that is to say, a work containing the Program or a portion of it, |
|
either verbatim or with modifications and/or translated into another |
``The Program'' refers to any copyrightable work licensed under this |
language. (Hereinafter, translation is included without limitation in |
License. Each licensee is addressed as ``you''. ``Licensees'' and |
the term ``modification''.) Each licensee is addressed as ``you''. |
``recipients'' may be individuals or organizations. |
|
|
Activities other than copying, distribution and modification are not |
To ``modify'' a work means to copy from or adapt all or part of the work |
covered by this License; they are outside its scope. The act of |
in a fashion requiring copyright permission, other than the making of |
running the Program is not restricted, and the output from the Program |
an exact copy. The resulting work is called a ``modified version'' of |
is covered only if its contents constitute a work based on the |
the earlier work or a work ``based on'' the earlier work. |
Program (independent of having been made by running the Program). |
|
Whether that is true depends on what the Program does. |
A ``covered work'' means either the unmodified Program or a work based |
|
on the Program. |
@item |
|
You may copy and distribute verbatim copies of the Program's |
To ``propagate'' a work means to do anything with it that, without |
source code as you receive it, in any medium, provided that you |
permission, would make you directly or secondarily liable for |
conspicuously and appropriately publish on each copy an appropriate |
infringement under applicable copyright law, except executing it on a |
copyright notice and disclaimer of warranty; keep intact all the |
computer or modifying a private copy. Propagation includes copying, |
notices that refer to this License and to the absence of any warranty; |
distribution (with or without modification), making available to the |
and give any other recipients of the Program a copy of this License |
public, and in some countries other activities as well. |
along with the Program. |
|
|
To ``convey'' a work means any kind of propagation that enables other |
You may charge a fee for the physical act of transferring a copy, and |
parties to make or receive copies. Mere interaction with a user |
you may at your option offer warranty protection in exchange for a fee. |
through a computer network, with no transfer of a copy, is not |
|
conveying. |
@item |
|
You may modify your copy or copies of the Program or any portion |
An interactive user interface displays ``Appropriate Legal Notices'' to |
of it, thus forming a work based on the Program, and copy and |
the extent that it includes a convenient and prominently visible |
distribute such modifications or work under the terms of Section 1 |
feature that (1) displays an appropriate copyright notice, and (2) |
above, provided that you also meet all of these conditions: |
tells the user that there is no warranty for the work (except to the |
|
extent that warranties are provided), that licensees may convey the |
|
work under this License, and how to view a copy of this License. If |
|
the interface presents a list of user commands or options, such as a |
|
menu, a prominent item in the list meets this criterion. |
|
|
|
@item Source Code. |
|
|
|
The ``source code'' for a work means the preferred form of the work for |
|
making modifications to it. ``Object code'' means any non-source form |
|
of a work. |
|
|
|
A ``Standard Interface'' means an interface that either is an official |
|
standard defined by a recognized standards body, or, in the case of |
|
interfaces specified for a particular programming language, one that |
|
is widely used among developers working in that language. |
|
|
|
The ``System Libraries'' of an executable work include anything, other |
|
than the work as a whole, that (a) is included in the normal form of |
|
packaging a Major Component, but which is not part of that Major |
|
Component, and (b) serves only to enable use of the work with that |
|
Major Component, or to implement a Standard Interface for which an |
|
implementation is available to the public in source code form. A |
|
``Major Component'', in this context, means a major essential component |
|
(kernel, window system, and so on) of the specific operating system |
|
(if any) on which the executable work runs, or a compiler used to |
|
produce the work, or an object code interpreter used to run it. |
|
|
|
The ``Corresponding Source'' for a work in object code form means all |
|
the source code needed to generate, install, and (for an executable |
|
work) run the object code and to modify the work, including scripts to |
|
control those activities. However, it does not include the work's |
|
System Libraries, or general-purpose tools or generally available free |
|
programs which are used unmodified in performing those activities but |
|
which are not part of the work. For example, Corresponding Source |
|
includes interface definition files associated with source files for |
|
the work, and the source code for shared libraries and dynamically |
|
linked subprograms that the work is specifically designed to require, |
|
such as by intimate data communication or control flow between those |
|
subprograms and other parts of the work. |
|
|
|
The Corresponding Source need not include anything that users can |
|
regenerate automatically from other parts of the Corresponding Source. |
|
|
|
The Corresponding Source for a work in source code form is that same |
|
work. |
|
|
|
@item Basic Permissions. |
|
|
|
All rights granted under this License are granted for the term of |
|
copyright on the Program, and are irrevocable provided the stated |
|
conditions are met. This License explicitly affirms your unlimited |
|
permission to run the unmodified Program. The output from running a |
|
covered work is covered by this License only if the output, given its |
|
content, constitutes a covered work. This License acknowledges your |
|
rights of fair use or other equivalent, as provided by copyright law. |
|
|
|
You may make, run and propagate covered works that you do not convey, |
|
without conditions so long as your license otherwise remains in force. |
|
You may convey covered works to others for the sole purpose of having |
|
them make modifications exclusively for you, or provide you with |
|
facilities for running those works, provided that you comply with the |
|
terms of this License in conveying all material for which you do not |
|
control copyright. Those thus making or running the covered works for |
|
you must do so exclusively on your behalf, under your direction and |
|
control, on terms that prohibit them from making any copies of your |
|
copyrighted material outside their relationship with you. |
|
|
|
Conveying under any other circumstances is permitted solely under the |
|
conditions stated below. Sublicensing is not allowed; section 10 |
|
makes it unnecessary. |
|
|
|
@item Protecting Users' Legal Rights From Anti-Circumvention Law. |
|
|
|
No covered work shall be deemed part of an effective technological |
|
measure under any applicable law fulfilling obligations under article |
|
11 of the WIPO copyright treaty adopted on 20 December 1996, or |
|
similar laws prohibiting or restricting circumvention of such |
|
measures. |
|
|
|
When you convey a covered work, you waive any legal power to forbid |
|
circumvention of technological measures to the extent such |
|
circumvention is effected by exercising rights under this License with |
|
respect to the covered work, and you disclaim any intention to limit |
|
operation or modification of the work as a means of enforcing, against |
|
the work's users, your or third parties' legal rights to forbid |
|
circumvention of technological measures. |
|
|
|
@item Conveying Verbatim Copies. |
|
|
|
You may convey verbatim copies of the Program's source code as you |
|
receive it, in any medium, provided that you conspicuously and |
|
appropriately publish on each copy an appropriate copyright notice; |
|
keep intact all notices stating that this License and any |
|
non-permissive terms added in accord with section 7 apply to the code; |
|
keep intact all notices of the absence of any warranty; and give all |
|
recipients a copy of this License along with the Program. |
|
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|
You may charge any price or no price for each copy that you convey, |
|
and you may offer support or warranty protection for a fee. |
|
|
|
@item Conveying Modified Source Versions. |
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|
You may convey a work based on the Program, or the modifications to |
|
produce it from the Program, in the form of source code under the |
|
terms of section 4, provided that you also meet all of these |
|
conditions: |
|
|
@enumerate a |
@enumerate a |
@item |
@item |
You must cause the modified files to carry prominent notices |
The work must carry prominent notices stating that you modified it, |
stating that you changed the files and the date of any change. |
and giving a relevant date. |
|
|
|
@item |
|
The work must carry prominent notices stating that it is released |
|
under this License and any conditions added under section 7. This |
|
requirement modifies the requirement in section 4 to ``keep intact all |
|
notices''. |
|
|
|
@item |
|
You must license the entire work, as a whole, under this License to |
|
anyone who comes into possession of a copy. This License will |
|
therefore apply, along with any applicable section 7 additional terms, |
|
to the whole of the work, and all its parts, regardless of how they |
|
are packaged. This License gives no permission to license the work in |
|
any other way, but it does not invalidate such permission if you have |
|
separately received it. |
|
|
@item |
@item |
You must cause any work that you distribute or publish, that in |
If the work has interactive user interfaces, each must display |
whole or in part contains or is derived from the Program or any |
Appropriate Legal Notices; however, if the Program has interactive |
part thereof, to be licensed as a whole at no charge to all third |
interfaces that do not display Appropriate Legal Notices, your work |
parties under the terms of this License. |
need not make them do so. |
|
|
@item |
|
If the modified program normally reads commands interactively |
|
when run, you must cause it, when started running for such |
|
interactive use in the most ordinary way, to print or display an |
|
announcement including an appropriate copyright notice and a |
|
notice that there is no warranty (or else, saying that you provide |
|
a warranty) and that users may redistribute the program under |
|
these conditions, and telling the user how to view a copy of this |
|
License. (Exception: if the Program itself is interactive but |
|
does not normally print such an announcement, your work based on |
|
the Program is not required to print an announcement.) |
|
@end enumerate |
@end enumerate |
|
|
These requirements apply to the modified work as a whole. If |
A compilation of a covered work with other separate and independent |
identifiable sections of that work are not derived from the Program, |
works, which are not by their nature extensions of the covered work, |
and can be reasonably considered independent and separate works in |
and which are not combined with it such as to form a larger program, |
themselves, then this License, and its terms, do not apply to those |
in or on a volume of a storage or distribution medium, is called an |
sections when you distribute them as separate works. But when you |
``aggregate'' if the compilation and its resulting copyright are not |
distribute the same sections as part of a whole which is a work based |
used to limit the access or legal rights of the compilation's users |
on the Program, the distribution of the whole must be on the terms of |
beyond what the individual works permit. Inclusion of a covered work |
this License, whose permissions for other licensees extend to the |
in an aggregate does not cause this License to apply to the other |
entire whole, and thus to each and every part regardless of who wrote it. |
parts of the aggregate. |
|
|
Thus, it is not the intent of this section to claim rights or contest |
@item Conveying Non-Source Forms. |
your rights to work written entirely by you; rather, the intent is to |
|
exercise the right to control the distribution of derivative or |
You may convey a covered work in object code form under the terms of |
collective works based on the Program. |
sections 4 and 5, provided that you also convey the machine-readable |
|
Corresponding Source under the terms of this License, in one of these |
In addition, mere aggregation of another work not based on the Program |
ways: |
with the Program (or with a work based on the Program) on a volume of |
|
a storage or distribution medium does not bring the other work under |
|
the scope of this License. |
|
|
|
@item |
|
You may copy and distribute the Program (or a work based on it, |
|
under Section 2) in object code or executable form under the terms of |
|
Sections 1 and 2 above provided that you also do one of the following: |
|
|
|
@enumerate a |
@enumerate a |
@item |
@item |
Accompany it with the complete corresponding machine-readable |
Convey the object code in, or embodied in, a physical product |
source code, which must be distributed under the terms of Sections |
(including a physical distribution medium), accompanied by the |
1 and 2 above on a medium customarily used for software interchange; or, |
Corresponding Source fixed on a durable physical medium customarily |
|
used for software interchange. |
@item |
|
Accompany it with a written offer, valid for at least three |
@item |
years, to give any third party, for a charge no more than your |
Convey the object code in, or embodied in, a physical product |
cost of physically performing source distribution, a complete |
(including a physical distribution medium), accompanied by a written |
machine-readable copy of the corresponding source code, to be |
offer, valid for at least three years and valid for as long as you |
distributed under the terms of Sections 1 and 2 above on a medium |
offer spare parts or customer support for that product model, to give |
customarily used for software interchange; or, |
anyone who possesses the object code either (1) a copy of the |
|
Corresponding Source for all the software in the product that is |
@item |
covered by this License, on a durable physical medium customarily used |
Accompany it with the information you received as to the offer |
for software interchange, for a price no more than your reasonable |
to distribute corresponding source code. (This alternative is |
cost of physically performing this conveying of source, or (2) access |
allowed only for noncommercial distribution and only if you |
to copy the Corresponding Source from a network server at no charge. |
received the program in object code or executable form with such |
|
an offer, in accord with Subsection b above.) |
@item |
|
Convey individual copies of the object code with a copy of the written |
|
offer to provide the Corresponding Source. This alternative is |
|
allowed only occasionally and noncommercially, and only if you |
|
received the object code with such an offer, in accord with subsection |
|
6b. |
|
|
|
@item |
|
Convey the object code by offering access from a designated place |
|
(gratis or for a charge), and offer equivalent access to the |
|
Corresponding Source in the same way through the same place at no |
|
further charge. You need not require recipients to copy the |
|
Corresponding Source along with the object code. If the place to copy |
|
the object code is a network server, the Corresponding Source may be |
|
on a different server (operated by you or a third party) that supports |
|
equivalent copying facilities, provided you maintain clear directions |
|
next to the object code saying where to find the Corresponding Source. |
|
Regardless of what server hosts the Corresponding Source, you remain |
|
obligated to ensure that it is available for as long as needed to |
|
satisfy these requirements. |
|
|
|
@item |
|
Convey the object code using peer-to-peer transmission, provided you |
|
inform other peers where the object code and Corresponding Source of |
|
the work are being offered to the general public at no charge under |
|
subsection 6d. |
|
|
@end enumerate |
@end enumerate |
|
|
The source code for a work means the preferred form of the work for |
A separable portion of the object code, whose source code is excluded |
making modifications to it. For an executable work, complete source |
from the Corresponding Source as a System Library, need not be |
code means all the source code for all modules it contains, plus any |
included in conveying the object code work. |
associated interface definition files, plus the scripts used to |
|
control compilation and installation of the executable. However, as a |
A ``User Product'' is either (1) a ``consumer product'', which means any |
special exception, the source code distributed need not include |
tangible personal property which is normally used for personal, |
anything that is normally distributed (in either source or binary |
family, or household purposes, or (2) anything designed or sold for |
form) with the major components (compiler, kernel, and so on) of the |
incorporation into a dwelling. In determining whether a product is a |
operating system on which the executable runs, unless that component |
consumer product, doubtful cases shall be resolved in favor of |
itself accompanies the executable. |
coverage. For a particular product received by a particular user, |
|
``normally used'' refers to a typical or common use of that class of |
If distribution of executable or object code is made by offering |
product, regardless of the status of the particular user or of the way |
access to copy from a designated place, then offering equivalent |
in which the particular user actually uses, or expects or is expected |
access to copy the source code from the same place counts as |
to use, the product. A product is a consumer product regardless of |
distribution of the source code, even though third parties are not |
whether the product has substantial commercial, industrial or |
compelled to copy the source along with the object code. |
non-consumer uses, unless such uses represent the only significant |
|
mode of use of the product. |
@item |
|
You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Program |
``Installation Information'' for a User Product means any methods, |
except as expressly provided under this License. Any attempt |
procedures, authorization keys, or other information required to |
otherwise to copy, modify, sublicense or distribute the Program is |
install and execute modified versions of a covered work in that User |
void, and will automatically terminate your rights under this License. |
Product from a modified version of its Corresponding Source. The |
However, parties who have received copies, or rights, from you under |
information must suffice to ensure that the continued functioning of |
this License will not have their licenses terminated so long as such |
the modified object code is in no case prevented or interfered with |
parties remain in full compliance. |
solely because modification has been made. |
|
|
@item |
If you convey an object code work under this section in, or with, or |
You are not required to accept this License, since you have not |
specifically for use in, a User Product, and the conveying occurs as |
signed it. However, nothing else grants you permission to modify or |
part of a transaction in which the right of possession and use of the |
distribute the Program or its derivative works. These actions are |
User Product is transferred to the recipient in perpetuity or for a |
prohibited by law if you do not accept this License. Therefore, by |
fixed term (regardless of how the transaction is characterized), the |
modifying or distributing the Program (or any work based on the |
Corresponding Source conveyed under this section must be accompanied |
Program), you indicate your acceptance of this License to do so, and |
by the Installation Information. But this requirement does not apply |
all its terms and conditions for copying, distributing or modifying |
if neither you nor any third party retains the ability to install |
the Program or works based on it. |
modified object code on the User Product (for example, the work has |
|
been installed in ROM). |
@item |
|
Each time you redistribute the Program (or any work based on the |
The requirement to provide Installation Information does not include a |
Program), the recipient automatically receives a license from the |
requirement to continue to provide support service, warranty, or |
original licensor to copy, distribute or modify the Program subject to |
updates for a work that has been modified or installed by the |
these terms and conditions. You may not impose any further |
recipient, or for the User Product in which it has been modified or |
restrictions on the recipients' exercise of the rights granted herein. |
installed. Access to a network may be denied when the modification |
You are not responsible for enforcing compliance by third parties to |
itself materially and adversely affects the operation of the network |
this License. |
or violates the rules and protocols for communication across the |
|
network. |
|
|
|
Corresponding Source conveyed, and Installation Information provided, |
|
in accord with this section must be in a format that is publicly |
|
documented (and with an implementation available to the public in |
|
source code form), and must require no special password or key for |
|
unpacking, reading or copying. |
|
|
|
@item Additional Terms. |
|
|
|
``Additional permissions'' are terms that supplement the terms of this |
|
License by making exceptions from one or more of its conditions. |
|
Additional permissions that are applicable to the entire Program shall |
|
be treated as though they were included in this License, to the extent |
|
that they are valid under applicable law. If additional permissions |
|
apply only to part of the Program, that part may be used separately |
|
under those permissions, but the entire Program remains governed by |
|
this License without regard to the additional permissions. |
|
|
|
When you convey a copy of a covered work, you may at your option |
|
remove any additional permissions from that copy, or from any part of |
|
it. (Additional permissions may be written to require their own |
|
removal in certain cases when you modify the work.) You may place |
|
additional permissions on material, added by you to a covered work, |
|
for which you have or can give appropriate copyright permission. |
|
|
|
Notwithstanding any other provision of this License, for material you |
|
add to a covered work, you may (if authorized by the copyright holders |
|
of that material) supplement the terms of this License with terms: |
|
|
|
@enumerate a |
@item |
@item |
If, as a consequence of a court judgment or allegation of patent |
Disclaiming warranty or limiting liability differently from the terms |
infringement or for any other reason (not limited to patent issues), |
of sections 15 and 16 of this License; or |
conditions are imposed on you (whether by court order, agreement or |
|
otherwise) that contradict the conditions of this License, they do not |
@item |
excuse you from the conditions of this License. If you cannot |
Requiring preservation of specified reasonable legal notices or author |
distribute so as to satisfy simultaneously your obligations under this |
attributions in that material or in the Appropriate Legal Notices |
License and any other pertinent obligations, then as a consequence you |
displayed by works containing it; or |
may not distribute the Program at all. For example, if a patent |
|
license would not permit royalty-free redistribution of the Program by |
@item |
all those who receive copies directly or indirectly through you, then |
Prohibiting misrepresentation of the origin of that material, or |
the only way you could satisfy both it and this License would be to |
requiring that modified versions of such material be marked in |
refrain entirely from distribution of the Program. |
reasonable ways as different from the original version; or |
|
|
If any portion of this section is held invalid or unenforceable under |
@item |
any particular circumstance, the balance of the section is intended to |
Limiting the use for publicity purposes of names of licensors or |
apply and the section as a whole is intended to apply in other |
authors of the material; or |
circumstances. |
|
|
|
It is not the purpose of this section to induce you to infringe any |
|
patents or other property right claims or to contest validity of any |
|
such claims; this section has the sole purpose of protecting the |
|
integrity of the free software distribution system, which is |
|
implemented by public license practices. Many people have made |
|
generous contributions to the wide range of software distributed |
|
through that system in reliance on consistent application of that |
|
system; it is up to the author/donor to decide if he or she is willing |
|
to distribute software through any other system and a licensee cannot |
|
impose that choice. |
|
|
|
This section is intended to make thoroughly clear what is believed to |
|
be a consequence of the rest of this License. |
|
|
|
@item |
|
If the distribution and/or use of the Program is restricted in |
|
certain countries either by patents or by copyrighted interfaces, the |
|
original copyright holder who places the Program under this License |
|
may add an explicit geographical distribution limitation excluding |
|
those countries, so that distribution is permitted only in or among |
|
countries not thus excluded. In such case, this License incorporates |
|
the limitation as if written in the body of this License. |
|
|
|
@item |
@item |
|
Declining to grant rights under trademark law for use of some trade |
|
names, trademarks, or service marks; or |
|
|
|
@item |
|
Requiring indemnification of licensors and authors of that material by |
|
anyone who conveys the material (or modified versions of it) with |
|
contractual assumptions of liability to the recipient, for any |
|
liability that these contractual assumptions directly impose on those |
|
licensors and authors. |
|
@end enumerate |
|
|
|
All other non-permissive additional terms are considered ``further |
|
restrictions'' within the meaning of section 10. If the Program as you |
|
received it, or any part of it, contains a notice stating that it is |
|
governed by this License along with a term that is a further |
|
restriction, you may remove that term. If a license document contains |
|
a further restriction but permits relicensing or conveying under this |
|
License, you may add to a covered work material governed by the terms |
|
of that license document, provided that the further restriction does |
|
not survive such relicensing or conveying. |
|
|
|
If you add terms to a covered work in accord with this section, you |
|
must place, in the relevant source files, a statement of the |
|
additional terms that apply to those files, or a notice indicating |
|
where to find the applicable terms. |
|
|
|
Additional terms, permissive or non-permissive, may be stated in the |
|
form of a separately written license, or stated as exceptions; the |
|
above requirements apply either way. |
|
|
|
@item Termination. |
|
|
|
You may not propagate or modify a covered work except as expressly |
|
provided under this License. Any attempt otherwise to propagate or |
|
modify it is void, and will automatically terminate your rights under |
|
this License (including any patent licenses granted under the third |
|
paragraph of section 11). |
|
|
|
However, if you cease all violation of this License, then your license |
|
from a particular copyright holder is reinstated (a) provisionally, |
|
unless and until the copyright holder explicitly and finally |
|
terminates your license, and (b) permanently, if the copyright holder |
|
fails to notify you of the violation by some reasonable means prior to |
|
60 days after the cessation. |
|
|
|
Moreover, your license from a particular copyright holder is |
|
reinstated permanently if the copyright holder notifies you of the |
|
violation by some reasonable means, this is the first time you have |
|
received notice of violation of this License (for any work) from that |
|
copyright holder, and you cure the violation prior to 30 days after |
|
your receipt of the notice. |
|
|
|
Termination of your rights under this section does not terminate the |
|
licenses of parties who have received copies or rights from you under |
|
this License. If your rights have been terminated and not permanently |
|
reinstated, you do not qualify to receive new licenses for the same |
|
material under section 10. |
|
|
|
@item Acceptance Not Required for Having Copies. |
|
|
|
You are not required to accept this License in order to receive or run |
|
a copy of the Program. Ancillary propagation of a covered work |
|
occurring solely as a consequence of using peer-to-peer transmission |
|
to receive a copy likewise does not require acceptance. However, |
|
nothing other than this License grants you permission to propagate or |
|
modify any covered work. These actions infringe copyright if you do |
|
not accept this License. Therefore, by modifying or propagating a |
|
covered work, you indicate your acceptance of this License to do so. |
|
|
|
@item Automatic Licensing of Downstream Recipients. |
|
|
|
Each time you convey a covered work, the recipient automatically |
|
receives a license from the original licensors, to run, modify and |
|
propagate that work, subject to this License. You are not responsible |
|
for enforcing compliance by third parties with this License. |
|
|
|
An ``entity transaction'' is a transaction transferring control of an |
|
organization, or substantially all assets of one, or subdividing an |
|
organization, or merging organizations. If propagation of a covered |
|
work results from an entity transaction, each party to that |
|
transaction who receives a copy of the work also receives whatever |
|
licenses to the work the party's predecessor in interest had or could |
|
give under the previous paragraph, plus a right to possession of the |
|
Corresponding Source of the work from the predecessor in interest, if |
|
the predecessor has it or can get it with reasonable efforts. |
|
|
|
You may not impose any further restrictions on the exercise of the |
|
rights granted or affirmed under this License. For example, you may |
|
not impose a license fee, royalty, or other charge for exercise of |
|
rights granted under this License, and you may not initiate litigation |
|
(including a cross-claim or counterclaim in a lawsuit) alleging that |
|
any patent claim is infringed by making, using, selling, offering for |
|
sale, or importing the Program or any portion of it. |
|
|
|
@item Patents. |
|
|
|
A ``contributor'' is a copyright holder who authorizes use under this |
|
License of the Program or a work on which the Program is based. The |
|
work thus licensed is called the contributor's ``contributor version''. |
|
|
|
A contributor's ``essential patent claims'' are all patent claims owned |
|
or controlled by the contributor, whether already acquired or |
|
hereafter acquired, that would be infringed by some manner, permitted |
|
by this License, of making, using, or selling its contributor version, |
|
but do not include claims that would be infringed only as a |
|
consequence of further modification of the contributor version. For |
|
purposes of this definition, ``control'' includes the right to grant |
|
patent sublicenses in a manner consistent with the requirements of |
|
this License. |
|
|
|
Each contributor grants you a non-exclusive, worldwide, royalty-free |
|
patent license under the contributor's essential patent claims, to |
|
make, use, sell, offer for sale, import and otherwise run, modify and |
|
propagate the contents of its contributor version. |
|
|
|
In the following three paragraphs, a ``patent license'' is any express |
|
agreement or commitment, however denominated, not to enforce a patent |
|
(such as an express permission to practice a patent or covenant not to |
|
sue for patent infringement). To ``grant'' such a patent license to a |
|
party means to make such an agreement or commitment not to enforce a |
|
patent against the party. |
|
|
|
If you convey a covered work, knowingly relying on a patent license, |
|
and the Corresponding Source of the work is not available for anyone |
|
to copy, free of charge and under the terms of this License, through a |
|
publicly available network server or other readily accessible means, |
|
then you must either (1) cause the Corresponding Source to be so |
|
available, or (2) arrange to deprive yourself of the benefit of the |
|
patent license for this particular work, or (3) arrange, in a manner |
|
consistent with the requirements of this License, to extend the patent |
|
license to downstream recipients. ``Knowingly relying'' means you have |
|
actual knowledge that, but for the patent license, your conveying the |
|
covered work in a country, or your recipient's use of the covered work |
|
in a country, would infringe one or more identifiable patents in that |
|
country that you have reason to believe are valid. |
|
|
|
If, pursuant to or in connection with a single transaction or |
|
arrangement, you convey, or propagate by procuring conveyance of, a |
|
covered work, and grant a patent license to some of the parties |
|
receiving the covered work authorizing them to use, propagate, modify |
|
or convey a specific copy of the covered work, then the patent license |
|
you grant is automatically extended to all recipients of the covered |
|
work and works based on it. |
|
|
|
A patent license is ``discriminatory'' if it does not include within the |
|
scope of its coverage, prohibits the exercise of, or is conditioned on |
|
the non-exercise of one or more of the rights that are specifically |
|
granted under this License. You may not convey a covered work if you |
|
are a party to an arrangement with a third party that is in the |
|
business of distributing software, under which you make payment to the |
|
third party based on the extent of your activity of conveying the |
|
work, and under which the third party grants, to any of the parties |
|
who would receive the covered work from you, a discriminatory patent |
|
license (a) in connection with copies of the covered work conveyed by |
|
you (or copies made from those copies), or (b) primarily for and in |
|
connection with specific products or compilations that contain the |
|
covered work, unless you entered into that arrangement, or that patent |
|
license was granted, prior to 28 March 2007. |
|
|
|
Nothing in this License shall be construed as excluding or limiting |
|
any implied license or other defenses to infringement that may |
|
otherwise be available to you under applicable patent law. |
|
|
|
@item No Surrender of Others' Freedom. |
|
|
|
If conditions are imposed on you (whether by court order, agreement or |
|
otherwise) that contradict the conditions of this License, they do not |
|
excuse you from the conditions of this License. If you cannot convey |
|
a covered work so as to satisfy simultaneously your obligations under |
|
this License and any other pertinent obligations, then as a |
|
consequence you may not convey it at all. For example, if you agree |
|
to terms that obligate you to collect a royalty for further conveying |
|
from those to whom you convey the Program, the only way you could |
|
satisfy both those terms and this License would be to refrain entirely |
|
from conveying the Program. |
|
|
|
@item Use with the GNU Affero General Public License. |
|
|
|
Notwithstanding any other provision of this License, you have |
|
permission to link or combine any covered work with a work licensed |
|
under version 3 of the GNU Affero General Public License into a single |
|
combined work, and to convey the resulting work. The terms of this |
|
License will continue to apply to the part which is the covered work, |
|
but the special requirements of the GNU Affero General Public License, |
|
section 13, concerning interaction through a network will apply to the |
|
combination as such. |
|
|
|
@item Revised Versions of this License. |
|
|
The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new versions |
The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new versions |
of the General Public License from time to time. Such new versions will |
of the GNU General Public License from time to time. Such new |
be similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ in detail to |
versions will be similar in spirit to the present version, but may |
address new problems or concerns. |
differ in detail to address new problems or concerns. |
|
|
Each version is given a distinguishing version number. If the Program |
Each version is given a distinguishing version number. If the Program |
specifies a version number of this License which applies to it and ``any |
specifies that a certain numbered version of the GNU General Public |
later version'', you have the option of following the terms and conditions |
License ``or any later version'' applies to it, you have the option of |
either of that version or of any later version published by the Free |
following the terms and conditions either of that numbered version or |
Software Foundation. If the Program does not specify a version number of |
of any later version published by the Free Software Foundation. If |
this License, you may choose any version ever published by the Free Software |
the Program does not specify a version number of the GNU General |
Foundation. |
Public License, you may choose any version ever published by the Free |
|
Software Foundation. |
@item |
|
If you wish to incorporate parts of the Program into other free |
If the Program specifies that a proxy can decide which future versions |
programs whose distribution conditions are different, write to the author |
of the GNU General Public License can be used, that proxy's public |
to ask for permission. For software which is copyrighted by the Free |
statement of acceptance of a version permanently authorizes you to |
Software Foundation, write to the Free Software Foundation; we sometimes |
choose that version for the Program. |
make exceptions for this. Our decision will be guided by the two goals |
|
of preserving the free status of all derivatives of our free software and |
Later license versions may give you additional or different |
of promoting the sharing and reuse of software generally. |
permissions. However, no additional obligations are imposed on any |
|
author or copyright holder as a result of your choosing to follow a |
@iftex |
later version. |
@heading NO WARRANTY |
|
@end iftex |
@item Disclaimer of Warranty. |
@ifnottex |
|
@center NO WARRANTY |
THERE IS NO WARRANTY FOR THE PROGRAM, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY |
@end ifnottex |
APPLICABLE LAW. EXCEPT WHEN OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT |
|
HOLDERS AND/OR OTHER PARTIES PROVIDE THE PROGRAM ``AS IS'' WITHOUT |
@item |
WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT |
BECAUSE THE PROGRAM IS LICENSED FREE OF CHARGE, THERE IS NO WARRANTY |
LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR |
FOR THE PROGRAM, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW. EXCEPT WHEN |
A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO THE QUALITY AND |
OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND/OR OTHER PARTIES |
PERFORMANCE OF THE PROGRAM IS WITH YOU. SHOULD THE PROGRAM PROVE |
PROVIDE THE PROGRAM ``AS IS'' WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED |
DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME THE COST OF ALL NECESSARY SERVICING, REPAIR OR |
OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF |
CORRECTION. |
MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. THE ENTIRE RISK AS |
|
TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE PROGRAM IS WITH YOU. SHOULD THE |
@item Limitation of Liability. |
PROGRAM PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME THE COST OF ALL NECESSARY SERVICING, |
|
REPAIR OR CORRECTION. |
|
|
|
@item |
|
IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN WRITING |
IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN WRITING |
WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MAY MODIFY AND/OR |
WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MODIFIES AND/OR |
REDISTRIBUTE THE PROGRAM AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR DAMAGES, |
CONVEYS THE PROGRAM AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR DAMAGES, |
INCLUDING ANY GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING |
INCLUDING ANY GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES |
OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE PROGRAM (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED |
ARISING OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE PROGRAM (INCLUDING BUT |
TO LOSS OF DATA OR DATA BEING RENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY |
NOT LIMITED TO LOSS OF DATA OR DATA BEING RENDERED INACCURATE OR |
YOU OR THIRD PARTIES OR A FAILURE OF THE PROGRAM TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER |
LOSSES SUSTAINED BY YOU OR THIRD PARTIES OR A FAILURE OF THE PROGRAM |
PROGRAMS), EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE |
TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER PROGRAMS), EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER |
POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES. |
PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES. |
|
|
|
@item Interpretation of Sections 15 and 16. |
|
|
|
If the disclaimer of warranty and limitation of liability provided |
|
above cannot be given local legal effect according to their terms, |
|
reviewing courts shall apply local law that most closely approximates |
|
an absolute waiver of all civil liability in connection with the |
|
Program, unless a warranty or assumption of liability accompanies a |
|
copy of the Program in return for a fee. |
|
|
@end enumerate |
@end enumerate |
|
|
@iftex |
|
@heading END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS |
@heading END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS |
@end iftex |
|
@ifnottex |
|
@center END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS |
|
@end ifnottex |
|
|
|
@page |
@heading How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs |
@unnumberedsec How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs |
|
|
|
If you develop a new program, and you want it to be of the greatest |
If you develop a new program, and you want it to be of the greatest |
possible use to the public, the best way to achieve this is to make it |
possible use to the public, the best way to achieve this is to make it |
free software which everyone can redistribute and change under these terms. |
free software which everyone can redistribute and change under these |
|
terms. |
|
|
To do so, attach the following notices to the program. It is safest |
To do so, attach the following notices to the program. It is safest |
to attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively |
to attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively |
convey the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least |
state the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least |
the ``copyright'' line and a pointer to where the full notice is found. |
the ``copyright'' line and a pointer to where the full notice is found. |
|
|
@smallexample |
@smallexample |
@var{one line to give the program's name and a brief idea of what it does.} |
@var{one line to give the program's name and a brief idea of what it does.} |
Copyright (C) @var{year} @var{name of author} |
Copyright (C) @var{year} @var{name of author} |
|
|
This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify |
This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify |
it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by |
it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by |
the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or |
the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at |
(at your option) any later version. |
your option) any later version. |
|
|
This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, |
This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but |
but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of |
WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of |
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the |
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU |
GNU General Public License for more details. |
General Public License for more details. |
|
|
You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License |
You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License |
along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software |
along with this program. If not, see @url{http://www.gnu.org/licenses/}. |
Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, |
|
Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA. |
|
@end smallexample |
@end smallexample |
|
|
Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail. |
Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail. |
|
|
If the program is interactive, make it output a short notice like this |
If the program does terminal interaction, make it output a short |
when it starts in an interactive mode: |
notice like this when it starts in an interactive mode: |
|
|
@smallexample |
@smallexample |
Gnomovision version 69, Copyright (C) @var{year} @var{name of author} |
@var{program} Copyright (C) @var{year} @var{name of author} |
Gnomovision comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details |
This program comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details type @samp{show w}. |
type `show w'. |
|
This is free software, and you are welcome to redistribute it |
This is free software, and you are welcome to redistribute it |
under certain conditions; type `show c' for details. |
under certain conditions; type @samp{show c} for details. |
@end smallexample |
@end smallexample |
|
|
The hypothetical commands @samp{show w} and @samp{show c} should show |
The hypothetical commands @samp{show w} and @samp{show c} should show |
the appropriate parts of the General Public License. Of course, the |
the appropriate parts of the General Public License. Of course, your |
commands you use may be called something other than @samp{show w} and |
program's commands might be different; for a GUI interface, you would |
@samp{show c}; they could even be mouse-clicks or menu items---whatever |
use an ``about box''. |
suits your program. |
|
|
You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or school, |
You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or your |
if any, to sign a ``copyright disclaimer'' for the program, if necessary. |
school, if any, to sign a ``copyright disclaimer'' for the program, if |
For more information on this, and how to apply and follow the GNU GPL, see |
necessary. Here is a sample; alter the names: |
@url{http://www.gnu.org/licenses/}. |
|
|
@smallexample |
The GNU General Public License does not permit incorporating your |
Yoyodyne, Inc., hereby disclaims all copyright interest in the program |
program into proprietary programs. If your program is a subroutine |
`Gnomovision' (which makes passes at compilers) written by James Hacker. |
library, you may consider it more useful to permit linking proprietary |
|
applications with the library. If this is what you want to do, use |
@var{signature of Ty Coon}, 1 April 1989 |
the GNU Lesser General Public License instead of this License. But |
Ty Coon, President of Vice |
first, please read @url{http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/why-not-lgpl.html}. |
@end smallexample |
|
|
|
This General Public License does not permit incorporating your program into |
|
proprietary programs. If your program is a subroutine library, you may |
|
consider it more useful to permit linking proprietary applications with the |
|
library. If this is what you want to do, use the GNU Library General |
|
Public License instead of this License. |
|
@c man end |
|