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    1: 
    2: @node GNU Free Documentation License
    3: @appendixsec GNU Free Documentation License
    4: 
    5: @cindex FDL, GNU Free Documentation License
    6: @center Version 1.1, March 2000
    7: 
    8: @display
    9: Copyright @copyright{} 2000 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
   10: 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307, USA
   11: 
   12: Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
   13: of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.
   14: @end display
   15: 
   16: @enumerate 0
   17: @item
   18: PREAMBLE
   19: 
   20: The purpose of this License is to make a manual, textbook, or other
   21: written document @dfn{free} in the sense of freedom: to assure everyone
   22: the effective freedom to copy and redistribute it, with or without
   23: modifying it, either commercially or noncommercially.  Secondarily,
   24: this License preserves for the author and publisher a way to get
   25: credit for their work, while not being considered responsible for
   26: modifications made by others.
   27: 
   28: This License is a kind of ``copyleft'', which means that derivative
   29: works of the document must themselves be free in the same sense.  It
   30: complements the GNU General Public License, which is a copyleft
   31: license designed for free software.
   32: 
   33: We have designed this License in order to use it for manuals for free
   34: software, because free software needs free documentation: a free
   35: program should come with manuals providing the same freedoms that the
   36: software does.  But this License is not limited to software manuals;
   37: it can be used for any textual work, regardless of subject matter or
   38: whether it is published as a printed book.  We recommend this License
   39: principally for works whose purpose is instruction or reference.
   40: 
   41: @item
   42: APPLICABILITY AND DEFINITIONS
   43: 
   44: This License applies to any manual or other work that contains a
   45: notice placed by the copyright holder saying it can be distributed
   46: under the terms of this License.  The ``Document'', below, refers to any
   47: such manual or work.  Any member of the public is a licensee, and is
   48: addressed as ``you''.
   49: 
   50: A ``Modified Version'' of the Document means any work containing the
   51: Document or a portion of it, either copied verbatim, or with
   52: modifications and/or translated into another language.
   53: 
   54: A ``Secondary Section'' is a named appendix or a front-matter section of
   55: the Document that deals exclusively with the relationship of the
   56: publishers or authors of the Document to the Document's overall subject
   57: (or to related matters) and contains nothing that could fall directly
   58: within that overall subject.  (For example, if the Document is in part a
   59: textbook of mathematics, a Secondary Section may not explain any
   60: mathematics.)  The relationship could be a matter of historical
   61: connection with the subject or with related matters, or of legal,
   62: commercial, philosophical, ethical or political position regarding
   63: them.
   64: 
   65: The ``Invariant Sections'' are certain Secondary Sections whose titles
   66: are designated, as being those of Invariant Sections, in the notice
   67: that says that the Document is released under this License.
   68: 
   69: The ``Cover Texts'' are certain short passages of text that are listed,
   70: as Front-Cover Texts or Back-Cover Texts, in the notice that says that
   71: the Document is released under this License.
   72: 
   73: A ``Transparent'' copy of the Document means a machine-readable copy,
   74: represented in a format whose specification is available to the
   75: general public, whose contents can be viewed and edited directly and
   76: straightforwardly with generic text editors or (for images composed of
   77: pixels) generic paint programs or (for drawings) some widely available
   78: drawing editor, and that is suitable for input to text formatters or
   79: for automatic translation to a variety of formats suitable for input
   80: to text formatters.  A copy made in an otherwise Transparent file
   81: format whose markup has been designed to thwart or discourage
   82: subsequent modification by readers is not Transparent.  A copy that is
   83: not ``Transparent'' is called ``Opaque''.
   84: 
   85: Examples of suitable formats for Transparent copies include plain
   86: @sc{ascii} without markup, Texinfo input format, La@TeX{} input format,
   87: @acronym{SGML} or @acronym{XML} using a publicly available
   88: @acronym{DTD}, and standard-conforming simple @acronym{HTML} designed
   89: for human modification.  Opaque formats include PostScript,
   90: @acronym{PDF}, proprietary formats that can be read and edited only by
   91: proprietary word processors, @acronym{SGML} or @acronym{XML} for which
   92: the @acronym{DTD} and/or processing tools are not generally available,
   93: and the machine-generated @acronym{HTML} produced by some word
   94: processors for output purposes only.
   95: 
   96: The ``Title Page'' means, for a printed book, the title page itself,
   97: plus such following pages as are needed to hold, legibly, the material
   98: this License requires to appear in the title page.  For works in
   99: formats which do not have any title page as such, ``Title Page'' means
  100: the text near the most prominent appearance of the work's title,
  101: preceding the beginning of the body of the text.
  102: 
  103: @item
  104: VERBATIM COPYING
  105: 
  106: You may copy and distribute the Document in any medium, either
  107: commercially or noncommercially, provided that this License, the
  108: copyright notices, and the license notice saying this License applies
  109: to the Document are reproduced in all copies, and that you add no other
  110: conditions whatsoever to those of this License.  You may not use
  111: technical measures to obstruct or control the reading or further
  112: copying of the copies you make or distribute.  However, you may accept
  113: compensation in exchange for copies.  If you distribute a large enough
  114: number of copies you must also follow the conditions in section 3.
  115: 
  116: You may also lend copies, under the same conditions stated above, and
  117: you may publicly display copies.
  118: 
  119: @item
  120: COPYING IN QUANTITY
  121: 
  122: If you publish printed copies of the Document numbering more than 100,
  123: and the Document's license notice requires Cover Texts, you must enclose
  124: the copies in covers that carry, clearly and legibly, all these Cover
  125: Texts: Front-Cover Texts on the front cover, and Back-Cover Texts on
  126: the back cover.  Both covers must also clearly and legibly identify
  127: you as the publisher of these copies.  The front cover must present
  128: the full title with all words of the title equally prominent and
  129: visible.  You may add other material on the covers in addition.
  130: Copying with changes limited to the covers, as long as they preserve
  131: the title of the Document and satisfy these conditions, can be treated
  132: as verbatim copying in other respects.
  133: 
  134: If the required texts for either cover are too voluminous to fit
  135: legibly, you should put the first ones listed (as many as fit
  136: reasonably) on the actual cover, and continue the rest onto adjacent
  137: pages.
  138: 
  139: If you publish or distribute Opaque copies of the Document numbering
  140: more than 100, you must either include a machine-readable Transparent
  141: copy along with each Opaque copy, or state in or with each Opaque copy
  142: a publicly-accessible computer-network location containing a complete
  143: Transparent copy of the Document, free of added material, which the
  144: general network-using public has access to download anonymously at no
  145: charge using public-standard network protocols.  If you use the latter
  146: option, you must take reasonably prudent steps, when you begin
  147: distribution of Opaque copies in quantity, to ensure that this
  148: Transparent copy will remain thus accessible at the stated location
  149: until at least one year after the last time you distribute an Opaque
  150: copy (directly or through your agents or retailers) of that edition to
  151: the public.
  152: 
  153: It is requested, but not required, that you contact the authors of the
  154: Document well before redistributing any large number of copies, to give
  155: them a chance to provide you with an updated version of the Document.
  156: 
  157: @item
  158: MODIFICATIONS
  159: 
  160: You may copy and distribute a Modified Version of the Document under
  161: the conditions of sections 2 and 3 above, provided that you release
  162: the Modified Version under precisely this License, with the Modified
  163: Version filling the role of the Document, thus licensing distribution
  164: and modification of the Modified Version to whoever possesses a copy
  165: of it.  In addition, you must do these things in the Modified Version:
  166: 
  167: @enumerate A
  168: @item
  169: Use in the Title Page (and on the covers, if any) a title distinct
  170: from that of the Document, and from those of previous versions
  171: (which should, if there were any, be listed in the History section
  172: of the Document).  You may use the same title as a previous version
  173: if the original publisher of that version gives permission.
  174: 
  175: @item
  176: List on the Title Page, as authors, one or more persons or entities
  177: responsible for authorship of the modifications in the Modified
  178: Version, together with at least five of the principal authors of the
  179: Document (all of its principal authors, if it has less than five).
  180: 
  181: @item
  182: State on the Title page the name of the publisher of the
  183: Modified Version, as the publisher.
  184: 
  185: @item
  186: Preserve all the copyright notices of the Document.
  187: 
  188: @item
  189: Add an appropriate copyright notice for your modifications
  190: adjacent to the other copyright notices.
  191: 
  192: @item
  193: Include, immediately after the copyright notices, a license notice
  194: giving the public permission to use the Modified Version under the
  195: terms of this License, in the form shown in the Addendum below.
  196: 
  197: @item
  198: Preserve in that license notice the full lists of Invariant Sections
  199: and required Cover Texts given in the Document's license notice.
  200: 
  201: @item
  202: Include an unaltered copy of this License.
  203: 
  204: @item
  205: Preserve the section entitled ``History'', and its title, and add to
  206: it an item stating at least the title, year, new authors, and
  207: publisher of the Modified Version as given on the Title Page.  If
  208: there is no section entitled ``History'' in the Document, create one
  209: stating the title, year, authors, and publisher of the Document as
  210: given on its Title Page, then add an item describing the Modified
  211: Version as stated in the previous sentence.
  212: 
  213: @item
  214: Preserve the network location, if any, given in the Document for
  215: public access to a Transparent copy of the Document, and likewise
  216: the network locations given in the Document for previous versions
  217: it was based on.  These may be placed in the ``History'' section.
  218: You may omit a network location for a work that was published at
  219: least four years before the Document itself, or if the original
  220: publisher of the version it refers to gives permission.
  221: 
  222: @item
  223: In any section entitled ``Acknowledgments'' or ``Dedications'',
  224: preserve the section's title, and preserve in the section all the
  225: substance and tone of each of the contributor acknowledgments
  226: and/or dedications given therein.
  227: 
  228: @item
  229: Preserve all the Invariant Sections of the Document,
  230: unaltered in their text and in their titles.  Section numbers
  231: or the equivalent are not considered part of the section titles.
  232: 
  233: @item
  234: Delete any section entitled ``Endorsements''.  Such a section
  235: may not be included in the Modified Version.
  236: 
  237: @item
  238: Do not retitle any existing section as ``Endorsements''
  239: or to conflict in title with any Invariant Section.
  240: @end enumerate
  241: 
  242: If the Modified Version includes new front-matter sections or
  243: appendices that qualify as Secondary Sections and contain no material
  244: copied from the Document, you may at your option designate some or all
  245: of these sections as invariant.  To do this, add their titles to the
  246: list of Invariant Sections in the Modified Version's license notice.
  247: These titles must be distinct from any other section titles.
  248: 
  249: You may add a section entitled ``Endorsements'', provided it contains
  250: nothing but endorsements of your Modified Version by various
  251: parties---for example, statements of peer review or that the text has
  252: been approved by an organization as the authoritative definition of a
  253: standard.
  254: 
  255: You may add a passage of up to five words as a Front-Cover Text, and a
  256: passage of up to 25 words as a Back-Cover Text, to the end of the list
  257: of Cover Texts in the Modified Version.  Only one passage of
  258: Front-Cover Text and one of Back-Cover Text may be added by (or
  259: through arrangements made by) any one entity.  If the Document already
  260: includes a cover text for the same cover, previously added by you or
  261: by arrangement made by the same entity you are acting on behalf of,
  262: you may not add another; but you may replace the old one, on explicit
  263: permission from the previous publisher that added the old one.
  264: 
  265: The author(s) and publisher(s) of the Document do not by this License
  266: give permission to use their names for publicity for or to assert or
  267: imply endorsement of any Modified Version.
  268: 
  269: @item
  270: COMBINING DOCUMENTS
  271: 
  272: You may combine the Document with other documents released under this
  273: License, under the terms defined in section 4 above for modified
  274: versions, provided that you include in the combination all of the
  275: Invariant Sections of all of the original documents, unmodified, and
  276: list them all as Invariant Sections of your combined work in its
  277: license notice.
  278: 
  279: The combined work need only contain one copy of this License, and
  280: multiple identical Invariant Sections may be replaced with a single
  281: copy.  If there are multiple Invariant Sections with the same name but
  282: different contents, make the title of each such section unique by
  283: adding at the end of it, in parentheses, the name of the original
  284: author or publisher of that section if known, or else a unique number.
  285: Make the same adjustment to the section titles in the list of
  286: Invariant Sections in the license notice of the combined work.
  287: 
  288: In the combination, you must combine any sections entitled ``History''
  289: in the various original documents, forming one section entitled
  290: ``History''; likewise combine any sections entitled ``Acknowledgments'',
  291: and any sections entitled ``Dedications''.  You must delete all sections
  292: entitled ``Endorsements.''
  293: 
  294: @item
  295: COLLECTIONS OF DOCUMENTS
  296: 
  297: You may make a collection consisting of the Document and other documents
  298: released under this License, and replace the individual copies of this
  299: License in the various documents with a single copy that is included in
  300: the collection, provided that you follow the rules of this License for
  301: verbatim copying of each of the documents in all other respects.
  302: 
  303: You may extract a single document from such a collection, and distribute
  304: it individually under this License, provided you insert a copy of this
  305: License into the extracted document, and follow this License in all
  306: other respects regarding verbatim copying of that document.
  307: 
  308: @item
  309: AGGREGATION WITH INDEPENDENT WORKS
  310: 
  311: A compilation of the Document or its derivatives with other separate
  312: and independent documents or works, in or on a volume of a storage or
  313: distribution medium, does not as a whole count as a Modified Version
  314: of the Document, provided no compilation copyright is claimed for the
  315: compilation.  Such a compilation is called an ``aggregate'', and this
  316: License does not apply to the other self-contained works thus compiled
  317: with the Document, on account of their being thus compiled, if they
  318: are not themselves derivative works of the Document.
  319: 
  320: If the Cover Text requirement of section 3 is applicable to these
  321: copies of the Document, then if the Document is less than one quarter
  322: of the entire aggregate, the Document's Cover Texts may be placed on
  323: covers that surround only the Document within the aggregate.
  324: Otherwise they must appear on covers around the whole aggregate.
  325: 
  326: @item
  327: TRANSLATION
  328: 
  329: Translation is considered a kind of modification, so you may
  330: distribute translations of the Document under the terms of section 4.
  331: Replacing Invariant Sections with translations requires special
  332: permission from their copyright holders, but you may include
  333: translations of some or all Invariant Sections in addition to the
  334: original versions of these Invariant Sections.  You may include a
  335: translation of this License provided that you also include the
  336: original English version of this License.  In case of a disagreement
  337: between the translation and the original English version of this
  338: License, the original English version will prevail.
  339: 
  340: @item
  341: TERMINATION
  342: 
  343: You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Document except
  344: as expressly provided for under this License.  Any other attempt to
  345: copy, modify, sublicense or distribute the Document is void, and will
  346: automatically terminate your rights under this License.  However,
  347: parties who have received copies, or rights, from you under this
  348: License will not have their licenses terminated so long as such
  349: parties remain in full compliance.
  350: 
  351: @item
  352: FUTURE REVISIONS OF THIS LICENSE
  353: 
  354: The Free Software Foundation may publish new, revised versions
  355: of the GNU Free Documentation License from time to time.  Such new
  356: versions will be similar in spirit to the present version, but may
  357: differ in detail to address new problems or concerns.  See
  358: @uref{http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/}.
  359: 
  360: Each version of the License is given a distinguishing version number.
  361: If the Document specifies that a particular numbered version of this
  362: License ``or any later version'' applies to it, you have the option of
  363: following the terms and conditions either of that specified version or
  364: of any later version that has been published (not as a draft) by the
  365: Free Software Foundation.  If the Document does not specify a version
  366: number of this License, you may choose any version ever published (not
  367: as a draft) by the Free Software Foundation.
  368: @end enumerate
  369: 
  370: @page
  371: @appendixsubsec ADDENDUM: How to use this License for your documents
  372: 
  373: To use this License in a document you have written, include a copy of
  374: the License in the document and put the following copyright and
  375: license notices just after the title page:
  376: 
  377: @smallexample
  378: @group
  379:   Copyright (C)  @var{year}  @var{your name}.
  380:   Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
  381:   under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.1
  382:   or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation;
  383:   with the Invariant Sections being @var{list their titles}, with the
  384:   Front-Cover Texts being @var{list}, and with the Back-Cover Texts being @var{list}.
  385:   A copy of the license is included in the section entitled ``GNU
  386:   Free Documentation License''.
  387: @end group
  388: @end smallexample
  389: 
  390: If you have no Invariant Sections, write ``with no Invariant Sections''
  391: instead of saying which ones are invariant.  If you have no
  392: Front-Cover Texts, write ``no Front-Cover Texts'' instead of
  393: ``Front-Cover Texts being @var{list}''; likewise for Back-Cover Texts.
  394: 
  395: If your document contains nontrivial examples of program code, we
  396: recommend releasing these examples in parallel under your choice of
  397: free software license, such as the GNU General Public License,
  398: to permit their use in free software.
  399: 
  400: @c Local Variables:
  401: @c ispell-local-pdict: "ispell-dict"
  402: @c End:
  403: