1: @cindex FDL, GNU Free Documentation License
2: @center Version 1.2, November 2002
3:
4: @display
5: Copyright @copyright{} 2000,2001,2002 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
6: 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA
7:
8: Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
9: of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.
10: @end display
11:
12: @enumerate 0
13: @item
14: PREAMBLE
15:
16: The purpose of this License is to make a manual, textbook, or other
17: functional and useful document @dfn{free} in the sense of freedom: to
18: assure everyone the effective freedom to copy and redistribute it,
19: with or without modifying it, either commercially or noncommercially.
20: Secondarily, this License preserves for the author and publisher a way
21: to get credit for their work, while not being considered responsible
22: for modifications made by others.
23:
24: This License is a kind of ``copyleft'', which means that derivative
25: works of the document must themselves be free in the same sense. It
26: complements the GNU General Public License, which is a copyleft
27: license designed for free software.
28:
29: We have designed this License in order to use it for manuals for free
30: software, because free software needs free documentation: a free
31: program should come with manuals providing the same freedoms that the
32: software does. But this License is not limited to software manuals;
33: it can be used for any textual work, regardless of subject matter or
34: whether it is published as a printed book. We recommend this License
35: principally for works whose purpose is instruction or reference.
36:
37: @item
38: APPLICABILITY AND DEFINITIONS
39:
40: This License applies to any manual or other work, in any medium, that
41: contains a notice placed by the copyright holder saying it can be
42: distributed under the terms of this License. Such a notice grants a
43: world-wide, royalty-free license, unlimited in duration, to use that
44: work under the conditions stated herein. The ``Document'', below,
45: refers to any such manual or work. Any member of the public is a
46: licensee, and is addressed as ``you''. You accept the license if you
47: copy, modify or distribute the work in a way requiring permission
48: under copyright law.
49:
50: A ``Modified Version'' of the Document means any work containing the
51: Document or a portion of it, either copied verbatim, or with
52: modifications and/or translated into another language.
53:
54: A ``Secondary Section'' is a named appendix or a front-matter section
55: of the Document that deals exclusively with the relationship of the
56: publishers or authors of the Document to the Document's overall
57: subject (or to related matters) and contains nothing that could fall
58: directly within that overall subject. (Thus, if the Document is in
59: part a textbook of mathematics, a Secondary Section may not explain
60: any mathematics.) The relationship could be a matter of historical
61: connection with the subject or with related matters, or of legal,
62: commercial, philosophical, ethical or political position regarding
63: them.
64:
65: The ``Invariant Sections'' are certain Secondary Sections whose titles
66: are designated, as being those of Invariant Sections, in the notice
67: that says that the Document is released under this License. If a
68: section does not fit the above definition of Secondary then it is not
69: allowed to be designated as Invariant. The Document may contain zero
70: Invariant Sections. If the Document does not identify any Invariant
71: Sections then there are none.
72:
73: The ``Cover Texts'' are certain short passages of text that are listed,
74: as Front-Cover Texts or Back-Cover Texts, in the notice that says that
75: the Document is released under this License. A Front-Cover Text may
76: be at most 5 words, and a Back-Cover Text may be at most 25 words.
77:
78: A ``Transparent'' copy of the Document means a machine-readable copy,
79: represented in a format whose specification is available to the
80: general public, that is suitable for revising the document
81: straightforwardly with generic text editors or (for images composed of
82: pixels) generic paint programs or (for drawings) some widely available
83: drawing editor, and that is suitable for input to text formatters or
84: for automatic translation to a variety of formats suitable for input
85: to text formatters. A copy made in an otherwise Transparent file
86: format whose markup, or absence of markup, has been arranged to thwart
87: or discourage subsequent modification by readers is not Transparent.
88: An image format is not Transparent if used for any substantial amount
89: of text. A copy that is not ``Transparent'' is called ``Opaque''.
90:
91: Examples of suitable formats for Transparent copies include plain
92: @sc{ascii} without markup, Texinfo input format, La@TeX{} input
93: format, @acronym{SGML} or @acronym{XML} using a publicly available
94: @acronym{DTD}, and standard-conforming simple @acronym{HTML},
95: PostScript or @acronym{PDF} designed for human modification. Examples
96: of transparent image formats include @acronym{PNG}, @acronym{XCF} and
97: @acronym{JPG}. Opaque formats include proprietary formats that can be
98: read and edited only by proprietary word processors, @acronym{SGML} or
99: @acronym{XML} for which the @acronym{DTD} and/or processing tools are
100: not generally available, and the machine-generated @acronym{HTML},
101: PostScript or @acronym{PDF} produced by some word processors for
102: output purposes only.
103:
104: The ``Title Page'' means, for a printed book, the title page itself,
105: plus such following pages as are needed to hold, legibly, the material
106: this License requires to appear in the title page. For works in
107: formats which do not have any title page as such, ``Title Page'' means
108: the text near the most prominent appearance of the work's title,
109: preceding the beginning of the body of the text.
110:
111: A section ``Entitled XYZ'' means a named subunit of the Document whose
112: title either is precisely XYZ or contains XYZ in parentheses following
113: text that translates XYZ in another language. (Here XYZ stands for a
114: specific section name mentioned below, such as ``Acknowledgements'',
115: ``Dedications'', ``Endorsements'', or ``History''.) To ``Preserve the Title''
116: of such a section when you modify the Document means that it remains a
117: section ``Entitled XYZ'' according to this definition.
118:
119: The Document may include Warranty Disclaimers next to the notice which
120: states that this License applies to the Document. These Warranty
121: Disclaimers are considered to be included by reference in this
122: License, but only as regards disclaiming warranties: any other
123: implication that these Warranty Disclaimers may have is void and has
124: no effect on the meaning of this License.
125:
126: @item
127: VERBATIM COPYING
128:
129: You may copy and distribute the Document in any medium, either
130: commercially or noncommercially, provided that this License, the
131: copyright notices, and the license notice saying this License applies
132: to the Document are reproduced in all copies, and that you add no other
133: conditions whatsoever to those of this License. You may not use
134: technical measures to obstruct or control the reading or further
135: copying of the copies you make or distribute. However, you may accept
136: compensation in exchange for copies. If you distribute a large enough
137: number of copies you must also follow the conditions in section 3.
138:
139: You may also lend copies, under the same conditions stated above, and
140: you may publicly display copies.
141:
142: @item
143: COPYING IN QUANTITY
144:
145: If you publish printed copies (or copies in media that commonly have
146: printed covers) of the Document, numbering more than 100, and the
147: Document's license notice requires Cover Texts, you must enclose the
148: copies in covers that carry, clearly and legibly, all these Cover
149: Texts: Front-Cover Texts on the front cover, and Back-Cover Texts on
150: the back cover. Both covers must also clearly and legibly identify
151: you as the publisher of these copies. The front cover must present
152: the full title with all words of the title equally prominent and
153: visible. You may add other material on the covers in addition.
154: Copying with changes limited to the covers, as long as they preserve
155: the title of the Document and satisfy these conditions, can be treated
156: as verbatim copying in other respects.
157:
158: If the required texts for either cover are too voluminous to fit
159: legibly, you should put the first ones listed (as many as fit
160: reasonably) on the actual cover, and continue the rest onto adjacent
161: pages.
162:
163: If you publish or distribute Opaque copies of the Document numbering
164: more than 100, you must either include a machine-readable Transparent
165: copy along with each Opaque copy, or state in or with each Opaque copy
166: a computer-network location from which the general network-using
167: public has access to download using public-standard network protocols
168: a complete Transparent copy of the Document, free of added material.
169: If you use the latter option, you must take reasonably prudent steps,
170: when you begin distribution of Opaque copies in quantity, to ensure
171: that this Transparent copy will remain thus accessible at the stated
172: location until at least one year after the last time you distribute an
173: Opaque copy (directly or through your agents or retailers) of that
174: edition to the public.
175:
176: It is requested, but not required, that you contact the authors of the
177: Document well before redistributing any large number of copies, to give
178: them a chance to provide you with an updated version of the Document.
179:
180: @item
181: MODIFICATIONS
182:
183: You may copy and distribute a Modified Version of the Document under
184: the conditions of sections 2 and 3 above, provided that you release
185: the Modified Version under precisely this License, with the Modified
186: Version filling the role of the Document, thus licensing distribution
187: and modification of the Modified Version to whoever possesses a copy
188: of it. In addition, you must do these things in the Modified Version:
189:
190: @enumerate A
191: @item
192: Use in the Title Page (and on the covers, if any) a title distinct
193: from that of the Document, and from those of previous versions
194: (which should, if there were any, be listed in the History section
195: of the Document). You may use the same title as a previous version
196: if the original publisher of that version gives permission.
197:
198: @item
199: List on the Title Page, as authors, one or more persons or entities
200: responsible for authorship of the modifications in the Modified
201: Version, together with at least five of the principal authors of the
202: Document (all of its principal authors, if it has fewer than five),
203: unless they release you from this requirement.
204:
205: @item
206: State on the Title page the name of the publisher of the
207: Modified Version, as the publisher.
208:
209: @item
210: Preserve all the copyright notices of the Document.
211:
212: @item
213: Add an appropriate copyright notice for your modifications
214: adjacent to the other copyright notices.
215:
216: @item
217: Include, immediately after the copyright notices, a license notice
218: giving the public permission to use the Modified Version under the
219: terms of this License, in the form shown in the Addendum below.
220:
221: @item
222: Preserve in that license notice the full lists of Invariant Sections
223: and required Cover Texts given in the Document's license notice.
224:
225: @item
226: Include an unaltered copy of this License.
227:
228: @item
229: Preserve the section Entitled ``History'', Preserve its Title, and add
230: to it an item stating at least the title, year, new authors, and
231: publisher of the Modified Version as given on the Title Page. If
232: there is no section Entitled ``History'' in the Document, create one
233: stating the title, year, authors, and publisher of the Document as
234: given on its Title Page, then add an item describing the Modified
235: Version as stated in the previous sentence.
236:
237: @item
238: Preserve the network location, if any, given in the Document for
239: public access to a Transparent copy of the Document, and likewise
240: the network locations given in the Document for previous versions
241: it was based on. These may be placed in the ``History'' section.
242: You may omit a network location for a work that was published at
243: least four years before the Document itself, or if the original
244: publisher of the version it refers to gives permission.
245:
246: @item
247: For any section Entitled ``Acknowledgements'' or ``Dedications'', Preserve
248: the Title of the section, and preserve in the section all the
249: substance and tone of each of the contributor acknowledgements and/or
250: dedications given therein.
251:
252: @item
253: Preserve all the Invariant Sections of the Document,
254: unaltered in their text and in their titles. Section numbers
255: or the equivalent are not considered part of the section titles.
256:
257: @item
258: Delete any section Entitled ``Endorsements''. Such a section
259: may not be included in the Modified Version.
260:
261: @item
262: Do not retitle any existing section to be Entitled ``Endorsements'' or
263: to conflict in title with any Invariant Section.
264:
265: @item
266: Preserve any Warranty Disclaimers.
267: @end enumerate
268:
269: If the Modified Version includes new front-matter sections or
270: appendices that qualify as Secondary Sections and contain no material
271: copied from the Document, you may at your option designate some or all
272: of these sections as invariant. To do this, add their titles to the
273: list of Invariant Sections in the Modified Version's license notice.
274: These titles must be distinct from any other section titles.
275:
276: You may add a section Entitled ``Endorsements'', provided it contains
277: nothing but endorsements of your Modified Version by various
278: parties---for example, statements of peer review or that the text has
279: been approved by an organization as the authoritative definition of a
280: standard.
281:
282: You may add a passage of up to five words as a Front-Cover Text, and a
283: passage of up to 25 words as a Back-Cover Text, to the end of the list
284: of Cover Texts in the Modified Version. Only one passage of
285: Front-Cover Text and one of Back-Cover Text may be added by (or
286: through arrangements made by) any one entity. If the Document already
287: includes a cover text for the same cover, previously added by you or
288: by arrangement made by the same entity you are acting on behalf of,
289: you may not add another; but you may replace the old one, on explicit
290: permission from the previous publisher that added the old one.
291:
292: The author(s) and publisher(s) of the Document do not by this License
293: give permission to use their names for publicity for or to assert or
294: imply endorsement of any Modified Version.
295:
296: @item
297: COMBINING DOCUMENTS
298:
299: You may combine the Document with other documents released under this
300: License, under the terms defined in section 4 above for modified
301: versions, provided that you include in the combination all of the
302: Invariant Sections of all of the original documents, unmodified, and
303: list them all as Invariant Sections of your combined work in its
304: license notice, and that you preserve all their Warranty Disclaimers.
305:
306: The combined work need only contain one copy of this License, and
307: multiple identical Invariant Sections may be replaced with a single
308: copy. If there are multiple Invariant Sections with the same name but
309: different contents, make the title of each such section unique by
310: adding at the end of it, in parentheses, the name of the original
311: author or publisher of that section if known, or else a unique number.
312: Make the same adjustment to the section titles in the list of
313: Invariant Sections in the license notice of the combined work.
314:
315: In the combination, you must combine any sections Entitled ``History''
316: in the various original documents, forming one section Entitled
317: ``History''; likewise combine any sections Entitled ``Acknowledgements'',
318: and any sections Entitled ``Dedications''. You must delete all
319: sections Entitled ``Endorsements.''
320:
321: @item
322: COLLECTIONS OF DOCUMENTS
323:
324: You may make a collection consisting of the Document and other documents
325: released under this License, and replace the individual copies of this
326: License in the various documents with a single copy that is included in
327: the collection, provided that you follow the rules of this License for
328: verbatim copying of each of the documents in all other respects.
329:
330: You may extract a single document from such a collection, and distribute
331: it individually under this License, provided you insert a copy of this
332: License into the extracted document, and follow this License in all
333: other respects regarding verbatim copying of that document.
334:
335: @item
336: AGGREGATION WITH INDEPENDENT WORKS
337:
338: A compilation of the Document or its derivatives with other separate
339: and independent documents or works, in or on a volume of a storage or
340: distribution medium, is called an ``aggregate'' if the copyright
341: resulting from the compilation is not used to limit the legal rights
342: of the compilation's users beyond what the individual works permit.
343: When the Document is included in an aggregate, this License does not
344: apply to the other works in the aggregate which are not themselves
345: derivative works of the Document.
346:
347: If the Cover Text requirement of section 3 is applicable to these
348: copies of the Document, then if the Document is less than one half of
349: the entire aggregate, the Document's Cover Texts may be placed on
350: covers that bracket the Document within the aggregate, or the
351: electronic equivalent of covers if the Document is in electronic form.
352: Otherwise they must appear on printed covers that bracket the whole
353: aggregate.
354:
355: @item
356: TRANSLATION
357:
358: Translation is considered a kind of modification, so you may
359: distribute translations of the Document under the terms of section 4.
360: Replacing Invariant Sections with translations requires special
361: permission from their copyright holders, but you may include
362: translations of some or all Invariant Sections in addition to the
363: original versions of these Invariant Sections. You may include a
364: translation of this License, and all the license notices in the
365: Document, and any Warranty Disclaimers, provided that you also include
366: the original English version of this License and the original versions
367: of those notices and disclaimers. In case of a disagreement between
368: the translation and the original version of this License or a notice
369: or disclaimer, the original version will prevail.
370:
371: If a section in the Document is Entitled ``Acknowledgements'',
372: ``Dedications'', or ``History'', the requirement (section 4) to Preserve
373: its Title (section 1) will typically require changing the actual
374: title.
375:
376: @item
377: TERMINATION
378:
379: You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Document except
380: as expressly provided for under this License. Any other attempt to
381: copy, modify, sublicense or distribute the Document is void, and will
382: automatically terminate your rights under this License. However,
383: parties who have received copies, or rights, from you under this
384: License will not have their licenses terminated so long as such
385: parties remain in full compliance.
386:
387: @item
388: FUTURE REVISIONS OF THIS LICENSE
389:
390: The Free Software Foundation may publish new, revised versions
391: of the GNU Free Documentation License from time to time. Such new
392: versions will be similar in spirit to the present version, but may
393: differ in detail to address new problems or concerns. See
394: @uref{http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/}.
395:
396: Each version of the License is given a distinguishing version number.
397: If the Document specifies that a particular numbered version of this
398: License ``or any later version'' applies to it, you have the option of
399: following the terms and conditions either of that specified version or
400: of any later version that has been published (not as a draft) by the
401: Free Software Foundation. If the Document does not specify a version
402: number of this License, you may choose any version ever published (not
403: as a draft) by the Free Software Foundation.
404: @end enumerate
405:
406: @page
407: @appendixsubsec ADDENDUM: How to use this License for your documents
408:
409: To use this License in a document you have written, include a copy of
410: the License in the document and put the following copyright and
411: license notices just after the title page:
412:
413: @smallexample
414: @group
415: Copyright (C) @var{year} @var{your name}.
416: Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
417: under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2
418: or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation;
419: with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover
420: Texts. A copy of the license is included in the section entitled ``GNU
421: Free Documentation License''.
422: @end group
423: @end smallexample
424:
425: If you have Invariant Sections, Front-Cover Texts and Back-Cover Texts,
426: replace the ``with...Texts.'' line with this:
427:
428: @smallexample
429: @group
430: with the Invariant Sections being @var{list their titles}, with
431: the Front-Cover Texts being @var{list}, and with the Back-Cover Texts
432: being @var{list}.
433: @end group
434: @end smallexample
435:
436: If you have Invariant Sections without Cover Texts, or some other
437: combination of the three, merge those two alternatives to suit the
438: situation.
439:
440: If your document contains nontrivial examples of program code, we
441: recommend releasing these examples in parallel under your choice of
442: free software license, such as the GNU General Public License,
443: to permit their use in free software.
444:
445: @c Local Variables:
446: @c ispell-local-pdict: "ispell-dict"
447: @c End:
448:
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