--- gforth/INSTALL 1995/11/29 20:20:32 1.15 +++ gforth/INSTALL 2008/11/01 22:19:30 1.41 @@ -1,30 +1,98 @@ +Copyright (C) 2003,2007,2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc. +This file is free documentation; the Free Software Foundation gives +unlimited permission to copy, distribute and modify it. + + + Prerequisites + You need gcc version 2.0 or later to compile gforth. +For the (documented) libcc.fs C interface you need a C compiler and +libtool at run-time. + +For the (undocumented ) lib.fs C interface you need to install either +the ffcall libraries or the libffi library. Libffi comes with recent +gccs, ffcall can be found on + + ftp://ftp.santafe.edu/pub/gnu/ffcall-1.8.tar.gz (USA) + ftp://ftp.ilog.fr/pub/Users/haible/gnu/ffcall-1.8.tar.gz (Europe) + +On many architectures (exceptions: 386, PPC, MIPS, Alpha) you need gdb +at run-time in order for the disassembler to work. + + + Building and Installing + First, type ./configure +(see Section Configuration Options below for details). + +After configuration, type + +make + +This includes a check whether your shiny new Forth system works. If +you like to invoke the check alone, do + +make check + +You can run some benchmarks with + +make bench + +and compare them with the results in Benchres and in the manual. + +If everything is all right, you may want to install gforth. Type + +make install + +For paper documentation, print gforth.ps (a Postscript file (300dpi +fonts, i.e., it works, but does not produce best quality on better +printers)), or say + +make gforth.dvi + +and print the resulting file gforth.dvi. You can also get the +documentation in HTML format by typing + +make html + +If you prefer plain ASCII documentation, you can + +make doc/gforth.txt + +or just concatenate the files gforth.info-* ('cat gforth.info-*' under +Unix); the result of the latter option is a little worse. + +You can find binary distributions, documentation in HTML and plain +text format and information on known installation problems at +http://www.complang.tuwien.ac.at/forth/gforth/. + + + Configuration Options + +If you use GNU make, you can build in a directory different from the +source directory by changing to the build directory and invoking +configure thus: + +$srcdir/configure + +where $srcdir is the source directory. (Note that we tested this only +for installation; i.e., if you want to hack the Gforth sources, you +should probably build in the source directory). + configure has the following useful parameters: --prefix=PREFIX install architecture-independent files in PREFIX [default: /usr/local] --exec-prefix=PREFIX install architecture-dependent files in PREFIX [default: same as prefix] - --enable-force-reg Use explicit register declarations if they appear in - the machine.h file. This can cause a good speedup, - but also incorrect code with some gcc versions on - some processors (default disabled). - --enable-direct-threaded Force direct threading. This may not work on - some machines and may cause slowdown on others. - (default processor-dependent) - --enable-indirect-threaded Force indirect threading. This can cause a - slowdown on some machines. - (default processor-dependent) - --with-debug specifies option -g to compile with debug info (default) - --without-debug omits the -g switch and creates smaller images on - machines where strip has problems with gcc style - debugging informations. --help: tells you about other parameters. +The file Benchres shows the best gforth-fast performance that we +achieved. + If you don't like the defaults for the installation directories, you should override them already during configure. E.g., if you want to install in the /gnu hierarchy instead of in the default /usr/local @@ -33,60 +101,87 @@ hierarchy, say ./configure --prefix=/gnu Moreover, if your GCC is not called gcc (but, e.g., gcc-2.7.1), you -should say so during configuration: +should say so during configuration. E.g.: -env GCC=gcc-2.7.1 ./configure +./configure CC=gcc-2.7.1 -After, configuration, type +You can also pass additional options to gcc in this way, e.g., if you +want to generate an a.out executable under Linux with gcc-2.7.0: -make +./configure CC="gcc -b i486-linuxaout -V 2.7.0" -Now you can check whether your shiny new Forth system works. Say +You can change the sizes of the various areas used in the default +image `gforth.fi' by passing the appropriate Gforth command line +options in the FORTHSIZES environment variable: -make test +./configure "FORTHSIZES=--dictionary-size=1048576 --data-stack-size=16k --fp-stack-size=16K --return-stack-size=15k --locals-stack-size=14848b" -You can run some benchmarks with +The line above reaffirms the default sizes. Note that the locals +stack area is also used as input buffer stack. -make bench +If C's "long long" do not work properly on your machine (i.e., if the +tests involving double-cell numbers fail), you can build Gforth such +that it does not use "long long": -and compare them with the results in Benchres and in the manual. +./configure ac_cv_sizeof_long_long=0 -If everything is all right, you may want to install gforth. Type +For MacOS X on Core 2 processors, you might want to use the 64-bit +version for increased speed (more registers available); you have to +ask for that on configuration, as follows: -make install +./configure CC='gcc-4.2 -arch x86_64' --build=x86_64-apple-darwin9.4.0 -You have to make an entry in the info directory file manually. -For paper documentation, print gforth.ps (a Postscript file (300dpi -fonts, i.e., it works, but does not produce best quality on better -printers)), or say + Cross-Installation -make gforth.dvi +There is currently no simple way to do cross-installation of Gforth +(apart from Gforth EC). The current build process interleaves +compiling and running heavily, so multiple transfers between build and +target machine would be required. We don't have a testing environment +for cross-compilation, so we cannot fix this at the moment. If you +want to do cross-installation, please contact us. -and print the resulting file gforth.dvi. You can also get the -documentation in HTML format by typing +In any case, you might find the following useful: -make html +You need a cross-compilation toolchain for your target including gcc +(2.0 or later). + +The first step in cross-installation is the cross-configuration. A +few tests made by the configure script do not work in a +cross-compilation situation. You have to provide the results of these +tests by hand. E.g., if you compile for an ARM: + +env skipcode=".skip 16" ac_cv_sizeof_char_p=4 ac_cv_sizeof_void_p=4 \ +ac_cv_sizeof_char=1 ac_cv_sizeof_short=2 ac_cv_sizeof_int=4 \ +ac_cv_sizeof_long=4 ac_cv_sizeof_long_long=8 ac_cv_sizeof_intptr_t=4 \ +ac_cv_sizeof_int128_t=0 ac_cv_sizeof_uint128_t=0 \ +ac_cv_c_bigendian=no ./configure CC=arm-elf-gcc --host=arm-linux + +The ac_cv_sizeof_... variables give the sizes of various C types; +ac_cv_sizeof_char_p is the same as "sizeof(char*)" in C code. The +ac_cv_c_bigendian variable gives the byte order. The skipcode +specifies how to skip 16 bytes in the code (use "skipcode=no" to +disable skipping and dynamic native code generation). Preloading installation-specific code If you want to have some installation-specific files loaded when Gforth starts (e.g., an assembler for your processor), put commands -for loading them into /usr/local/share/gforth/site-forth/site-init.fs +for loading them into /usr/local/share/gforth/site-forth/siteinit.fs (if the commands work for all architectures) or -/usr/local/lib/gforth/site-forth/site-init.fs (for +/usr/local/lib/gforth/site-forth/siteinit.fs (for architecture-specific commands); -/usr/local/lib/gforth/site-forth/site-init.fs takes precedence if both +/usr/local/lib/gforth/site-forth/siteinit.fs takes precedence if both files are present (unless you change the search path). The file names given above are the defaults; if you have changed the prefix, you have to replace "/usr/local" in these names with your prefix. By default, the installation procedure creates an empty -/usr/local/share/gforth/site-forth/site-init.fs if there is no such +/usr/local/share/gforth/site-forth/siteinit.fs if there is no such file. -If you change the site-init.fs file, you should run "make install" +If you change the siteinit.fs file, you should run "make install" again for the changes to take effect (Actually, the part of "make install" starting with "rm gforth.fi" is sufficient). @@ -102,38 +197,25 @@ version foo with 'make uninstall VERSION tells you how to uninstall Gforth completely. - A Possible Problem + Installing Info Files + +Info is the GNU project on-line documentation format. You can read +info files either from within Emacs (Ctrl-h i) or using the +stand-alone Info reader, 'info'. -You need to read this only if you see a message like +If you use the default install root of '/usr/local' then the info +files will be installed in '/usr/local/info'. -"gforth: Cannot load nonrelocatable image (compiled for address 0x1234) at address 0x5678 -The Gforth installer should look into the INSTALL file" +Many GNU/Linux distributions are set up to put all of their +documentation in '/usr/info', in which case you might have to do a +couple of things to get your environment set up to accommodate files +in both areas: -Gforth supports both relocatable and fixed-address images. If you load -normal Forth code and save the image, you get a fixed-address -image. Producing a relocatable image is more difficult. - -Therefore, Gforth has only a relocatable image of the kernel -(kernal.fi), which is powerful enough to load the rest of -Gforth. However, loading the rest takes a noticable amount of time. To -avoid this delay (which would occur on every startup), the -installation procedure produces an image fixed at an address -determined at the Gforth run that produced the image. This -fixed-address image is loaded by default. On most OSs this works, -because the first chunk of memory is always allocated at the same -address. If the address changes, you get the message above. - -An image address change can be caused by a change of the gforth -executable, or by a change (upgrade) of the OS; in these cases you -just have to rebuild and reinstall the fixed address image with - -rm gforth.fi; make gforth.fi; make install - -If you get such a message with a different address in place of the -0x5678 each time you try to start gforth, you cannot use fixed-address -images on your OS. In this case, send us a message so that we start -searching for a comfortable solution to this problem. In the -meantime, start gforth with +1. Add an INFOPATH environment variable. The easiest place to do +this is '/etc/profile', right next to PATH and MANPATH: -gforth -i kernal.fi startup.fs +INFOPATH=/usr/local/info:/usr/info +2. Create a file called 'dir' in 'usr/local/info'. Use the file +'/usr/info/dir' as a template. You can add the line for gforth +manually, or use '/sbin/install-info' (man install-info for details).