[gforth] / gforth / Attic / gforth.ds  

gforth: gforth/Attic/gforth.ds

Diff for /gforth/Attic/gforth.ds between version 1.36 and 1.37

version 1.36, Mon Sep 23 08:52:47 1996 UTC version 1.37, Mon Sep 30 13:16:09 1996 UTC
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 * Control Structures::  * Control Structures::
 * Locals::  * Locals::
 * Defining Words::  * Defining Words::
   * Tokens for Words::
 * Wordlists::  * Wordlists::
 * Files::  * Files::
 * Blocks::  * Blocks::
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 merit of this syntax is that it is easy to implement using the ANS Forth  merit of this syntax is that it is easy to implement using the ANS Forth
 locals wordset.  locals wordset.
   
 @node Defining Words, Wordlists, Locals, Words  @node Defining Words, Tokens for Words, Locals, Words
 @section Defining Words  @section Defining Words
   
 @menu  @menu
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 @code{' word >body} also gives you the body of a word created with  @code{' word >body} also gives you the body of a word created with
 @code{create-interpret/compile}.  @code{create-interpret/compile}.
   
 @node Wordlists, Files, Defining Words, Words  @node Tokens for Words, Wordlists, Defining Words, Words
   @section Tokens for Words
   
   This chapter describes the creation and use of tokens that represent
   words on the stack (and in data space).
   
   Named words have interpretation and compilation semantics. Unnamed words
   just have execution semantics.
   
   An @dfn{execution token} represents the execution semantics of an
   unnamed word. An execution token occupies one cell. As explained in
   section @ref{Supplying names}, the execution token of the last words
   defined can be produced with
   
   short-lastxt
   
   You can perform the semantics represented by an execution token with
   doc-execute
   You can compile the word with
   doc-compile,
   
   In Gforth, the abstract data type @emph{execution token} is implemented
   as CFA (code field address).
   
   The interpretation semantics of a named word are also represented by an
   execution token. You can get it with
   
   doc-[']
   doc-'
   
   For literals, you use @code{'} in interpreted code and @code{[']} in
   compiled code. Gforth's @code{'} and @code{[']} behave somewhat unusual
   by complaining about compile-only words. To get an execution token for a
   compiling word @var{X}, use @code{COMP' @var{X} drop} or @code{[COMP']
   @var{X} drop}.
   
   The compilation semantics are represented by a @dfn{compilation token}
   consisting of two cells: @var{w xt}. The top cell @var{xt} is an
   execution token. The compilation semantics represented by the
   compilation token can be performed with @code{execute}, which consumes
   the whole compilation token, with an additional stack effect determined
   by the represented compilation semantics.
   
   doc-[comp']
   doc-comp'
   
   At present, the @var{w} part of a compilation token is an execution
   token, and the @var{xt} part represents either @code{execute} or
   @code{compile,}. However, don't rely on that kowledge, unless necessary;
   we may introduce unusual compilation tokens in the future (e.g.,
   compilation tokens representing the compilation semantics of literals).
   
   Named words are also represented by the @dfn{name token}. The abstract
   data type @emph{name token} is implemented as NFA (name field address).
   
   doc-find-name
   doc-name>int
   doc-name?int
   doc-name>comp
   doc-name>string
   
   @node Wordlists, Files, Tokens for Words, Words
 @section Wordlists  @section Wordlists
   
 @node Files, Blocks, Wordlists, Words  @node Files, Blocks, Wordlists, Words
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 The codes -256@minus{}-511 are used for reporting signals (see  The codes -256@minus{}-511 are used for reporting signals (see
 @file{errore.fs}). The codes -512@minus{}-2047 are used for OS errors  @file{errore.fs}). The codes -512@minus{}-2047 are used for OS errors
 (for file and memory allocation operations). The mapping from OS error  (for file and memory allocation operations). The mapping from OS error
 numbers to throw code is -512@minus{}@var{errno}. One side effect of  numbers to throw code is -512@minus{}@code{errno}. One side effect of
 this mapping is that undefined OS errors produce a message with a  this mapping is that undefined OS errors produce a message with a
 strange number; e.g., @code{-1000 THROW} results in @code{Unknown error  strange number; e.g., @code{-1000 THROW} results in @code{Unknown error
 488} on my system.  488} on my system.
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 @code{/line}. Currently 255.  @code{/line}. Currently 255.
   
 @item methods of mapping block ranges to files:  @item methods of mapping block ranges to files:
 Currently, the block words automatically access the file  By default, blocks are accessed in the file @file{blocks.fb} in the
 @file{blocks.fb} in the currend working directory. More sophisticated  current working directory. The file can be switched with @code{USE}.
 methods could be implemented if there is demand (and a volunteer).  
   
 @item number of string buffers provided by @code{S"}:  @item number of string buffers provided by @code{S"}:
 1  1
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 @table @i  @table @i
   
 @item @code{df@@} or @code{df!} used with an address that is not double-float  aligned:  @item @code{df@@} or @code{df!} used with an address that is not double-float  aligned:
 System-dependent. Typically results in an alignment fault like other  System-dependent. Typically results in a @code{-23 THROW} like other
 alignment violations.  alignment violations.
   
 @item @code{f@@} or @code{f!} used with an address that is not float  aligned:  @item @code{f@@} or @code{f!} used with an address that is not float  aligned:
 System-dependent. Typically results in an alignment fault like other  System-dependent. Typically results in a @code{-23 THROW} like other
 alignment violations.  alignment violations.
   
 @item Floating-point result out of range:  @item Floating-point result out of range:
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 @table @i  @table @i
   
 @item ending sequence for input following @code{;code} and @code{code}:  @item ending sequence for input following @code{;code} and @code{code}:
 Not implemented (yet).  @code{end-code}
   
 @item manner of processing input following @code{;code} and @code{code}:  @item manner of processing input following @code{;code} and @code{code}:
 Not implemented (yet).  The @code{assembler} vocabulary is pushed on the search order stack, and
   the input is processed by the text interpreter, (starting) in interpret
   state.
   
 @item search order capability for @code{EDITOR} and @code{ASSEMBLER}:  @item search order capability for @code{EDITOR} and @code{ASSEMBLER}:
 Not implemented (yet). If they were implemented, they would use the  The ANS Forth search order word set.
 search order wordset.  
   
 @item source and format of display by @code{SEE}:  @item source and format of display by @code{SEE}:
 The source for @code{see} is the intermediate code used by the inner  The source for @code{see} is the intermediate code used by the inner
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 Not implemented (yet).  Not implemented (yet).
   
 @item @var{name} not defined via @code{CREATE}:  @item @var{name} not defined via @code{CREATE}:
 @code{;code} is not implemented (yet). If it were, it would behave like  @code{;code} behaves like @code{DOES>} in this respect, i.e., it changes
 @code{DOES>} in this respect, i.e., change the execution semantics of  the execution semantics of the last defined word no matter how it was
 the last defined word no matter how it was defined.  defined.
   
 @item @code{POSTPONE} applied to @code{[IF]}:  @item @code{POSTPONE} applied to @code{[IF]}:
 After defining @code{: X POSTPONE [IF] ; IMMEDIATE}. @code{X} is  After defining @code{: X POSTPONE [IF] ; IMMEDIATE}. @code{X} is
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 with their continuous feedback. Lennart Benshop contributed  with their continuous feedback. Lennart Benshop contributed
 @file{glosgen.fs}, while Stuart Ramsden has been working on automatic  @file{glosgen.fs}, while Stuart Ramsden has been working on automatic
 support for calling C libraries. Helpful comments also came from Paul  support for calling C libraries. Helpful comments also came from Paul
 Kleinrubatscher, Christian Pirker, Dirk Zoller and Marcel Hendrix.  Kleinrubatscher, Christian Pirker, Dirk Zoller, Marcel Hendrix, John
   Wavrik, Stott Bolton and Marc de Groot.
   
 Gforth also owes a lot to the authors of the tools we used (GCC, CVS,  Gforth also owes a lot to the authors of the tools we used (GCC, CVS,
 and autoconf, among others), and to the creators of the Internet: Gforth  and autoconf, among others), and to the creators of the Internet: Gforth

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