File:  [gforth] / gforth / glocals.fs
Revision 1.69: download - view: text, annotated - select for diffs
Wed Jun 27 20:49:34 2012 UTC (11 years, 8 months ago) by pazsan
Branches: MAIN
CVS tags: HEAD
Added -> recognizer to replace TO and IS

    1: \ A powerful locals implementation
    2: 
    3: \ Copyright (C) 1995,1996,1997,1998,2000,2003,2004,2005,2007,2011 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
    4: 
    5: \ This file is part of Gforth.
    6: 
    7: \ Gforth is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
    8: \ modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License
    9: \ as published by the Free Software Foundation, either version 3
   10: \ of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
   11: 
   12: \ This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
   13: \ but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
   14: \ MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
   15: \ GNU General Public License for more details.
   16: 
   17: \ You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
   18: \ along with this program. If not, see http://www.gnu.org/licenses/.
   19: 
   20: 
   21: \ More documentation can be found in the manual and in
   22: \ http://www.complang.tuwien.ac.at/papers/ertl94l.ps.gz
   23: 
   24: \ Local variables are quite important for writing readable programs, but
   25: \ IMO (anton) they are the worst part of the standard. There they are very
   26: \ restricted and have an ugly interface.
   27: 
   28: \ So, we implement the locals wordset, but do not recommend using
   29: \ locals-ext (which is a really bad user interface for locals).
   30: 
   31: \ We also have a nice and powerful user-interface for locals: locals are
   32: \ defined with
   33: 
   34: \ { local1 local2 ... }
   35: \ or
   36: \ { local1 local2 ... -- ... }
   37: \ (anything after the -- is just a comment)
   38: 
   39: \ Every local in this list consists of an optional type specification
   40: \ and a name. If there is only the name, it stands for a cell-sized
   41: \ value (i.e., you get the value of the local variable, not it's
   42: \ address). The following type specifiers stand before the name:
   43: 
   44: \ Specifier	Type	Access
   45: \ W:		Cell	value
   46: \ W^		Cell	address
   47: \ D:		Double	value
   48: \ D^		Double	address
   49: \ F:		Float	value
   50: \ F^		Float	address
   51: \ C:		Char	value
   52: \ C^		Char	address
   53: 
   54: \ The local variables are initialized with values from the appropriate
   55: \ stack. In contrast to the examples in the standard document our locals
   56: \ take the arguments in the expected way: The last local gets the top of
   57: \ stack, the second last gets the second stack item etc. An example:
   58: 
   59: \ : CX* { F: Ar  F: Ai  F: Br  F: Bi -- Cr Ci }
   60: \ \ complex multiplication
   61: \  Ar Br f* Ai Bi f* f-
   62: \  Ar Bi f* Ai Br f* f+ ;
   63: 
   64: \ There will also be a way to add user types, but it is not yet decided,
   65: \ how. Ideas are welcome.
   66: 
   67: \ Locals defined in this manner live until (!! see below). 
   68: \ Their names can be used during this time to get
   69: \ their value or address; The addresses produced in this way become
   70: \ invalid at the end of the lifetime.
   71: 
   72: \ Values can be changed with TO, but this is not recomended (TO is a
   73: \ kludge and words lose the single-assignment property, which makes them
   74: \ harder to analyse).
   75: 
   76: \ As for the internals, we use a special locals stack. This eliminates
   77: \ the problems and restrictions of reusing the return stack and allows
   78: \ to store floats as locals: the return stack is not guaranteed to be
   79: \ aligned correctly, but our locals stack must be float-aligned between
   80: \ words.
   81: 
   82: require search.fs
   83: require float.fs
   84: require extend.fs \ for case
   85: 
   86: : compile-@local ( n -- ) \ gforth compile-fetch-local
   87:  case
   88:     0       of postpone @local0 endof
   89:     1 cells of postpone @local1 endof
   90:     2 cells of postpone @local2 endof
   91:     3 cells of postpone @local3 endof
   92:    ( otherwise ) dup postpone @local# ,
   93:  endcase ;
   94: 
   95: : compile-f@local ( n -- ) \ gforth compile-f-fetch-local
   96:  case
   97:     0        of postpone f@local0 endof
   98:     1 floats of postpone f@local1 endof
   99:    ( otherwise ) dup postpone f@local# ,
  100:  endcase ;
  101: 
  102: \ locals stuff needed for control structures
  103: 
  104: : compile-lp+! ( n -- ) \ gforth	compile-l-p-plus-store
  105:     dup negate locals-size +!
  106:     0 over = if
  107:     else -1 cells  over = if postpone lp-
  108:     else  1 floats over = if postpone lp+
  109:     else  2 floats over = if postpone lp+2
  110:     else postpone lp+!# dup ,
  111:     then then then then drop ;
  112: 
  113: : adjust-locals-size ( n -- ) \ gforth
  114:     \ sets locals-size to n and generates an appropriate lp+!
  115:     locals-size @ swap - compile-lp+! ;
  116: 
  117: \ the locals stack grows downwards (see primitives)
  118: \ of the local variables of a group (in braces) the leftmost is on top,
  119: \ i.e. by going onto the locals stack the order is reversed.
  120: \ there are alignment gaps if necessary.
  121: \ lp must have the strictest alignment (usually float) across calls;
  122: \ for simplicity we align it strictly for every group.
  123: 
  124: slowvoc @
  125: slowvoc on \ we want a linked list for the vocabulary locals
  126: vocabulary locals \ this contains the local variables
  127: ' locals >body wordlist-id ' locals-list >body !
  128: slowvoc !
  129: 
  130: variable locals-mem-list \ linked list of all locals name memory in
  131: 0 locals-mem-list !      \ the current (outer-level) definition
  132: 
  133: : free-list ( addr -- )
  134:     \ free all members of a linked list (link field is first)
  135:     begin
  136: 	dup while
  137: 	    dup @ swap free throw
  138:     repeat
  139:     drop ;
  140: 
  141: : prepend-list ( addr1 addr2 -- )
  142:     \ addr1 is the address of a list element, addr2 is the address of
  143:     \ the cell containing the address of the first list element
  144:     2dup @ swap ! \ store link to next element
  145:     ! ; \ store pointer to new first element
  146: 
  147: : alignlp-w ( n1 -- n2 )
  148:     \ cell-align size and generate the corresponding code for aligning lp
  149:     aligned dup adjust-locals-size ;
  150: 
  151: : alignlp-f ( n1 -- n2 )
  152:     faligned dup adjust-locals-size ;
  153: 
  154: \ a local declaration group (the braces stuff) is compiled by calling
  155: \ the appropriate compile-pushlocal for the locals, starting with the
  156: \ righmost local; the names are already created earlier, the
  157: \ compile-pushlocal just inserts the offsets from the frame base.
  158: 
  159: : compile-pushlocal-w ( a-addr -- ) ( run-time: w -- )
  160: \ compiles a push of a local variable, and adjusts locals-size
  161: \ stores the offset of the local variable to a-addr
  162:     locals-size @ alignlp-w cell+ dup locals-size !
  163:     swap !
  164:     postpone >l ;
  165: 
  166: \ locals list operations
  167: 
  168: : list-length ( list -- u )
  169:     0 swap begin ( u1 list1 )
  170: 	dup while
  171: 	    @ swap 1+ swap
  172:     repeat
  173:     drop ;
  174: 
  175: : /list ( list1 u -- list2 )
  176:     \ list2 is list1 with the first u elements removed
  177:     0 ?do
  178: 	@
  179:     loop ;
  180: 
  181: : common-list ( list1 list2 -- list3 )
  182:     \ list3 is the largest common tail of both lists.
  183:     over list-length over list-length - dup 0< if
  184: 	negate >r swap r>
  185:     then ( long short u )
  186:     rot swap /list begin ( list3 list4 )
  187: 	2dup u<> while
  188: 	    @ swap @
  189:     repeat
  190:     drop ;
  191: 
  192: : sub-list? ( list1 list2 -- f )
  193:     \ true iff list1 is a sublist of list2
  194:     over list-length over list-length swap - 0 max /list = ;
  195: 
  196: \ : ocommon-list ( list1 list2 -- list3 ) \ gforth-internal
  197: \ \ list1 and list2 are lists, where the heads are at higher addresses than
  198: \ \ the tail. list3 is the largest sublist of both lists.
  199: \  begin
  200: \    2dup u<>
  201: \  while
  202: \    2dup u>
  203: \    if
  204: \      swap
  205: \    then
  206: \    @
  207: \  repeat
  208: \  drop ;
  209: 
  210: \ : osub-list? ( list1 list2 -- f ) \ gforth-internal
  211: \ \ true iff list1 is a sublist of list2
  212: \  begin
  213: \    2dup u<
  214: \  while
  215: \    @
  216: \  repeat
  217: \  = ;
  218: 
  219: \ defer common-list
  220: \ defer sub-list?
  221: 
  222: \ ' ocommon-list is common-list
  223: \ ' osub-list?   is sub-list?
  224: 
  225: : list-size ( list -- u ) \ gforth-internal
  226:     \ size of the locals frame represented by list
  227:     0 ( list n )
  228:     begin
  229: 	over 0<>
  230:     while
  231: 	over
  232: 	((name>)) >body @ max
  233: 	swap @ swap ( get next )
  234:     repeat
  235:     faligned nip ;
  236: 
  237: : set-locals-size-list ( list -- )
  238:     dup locals-list !
  239:     list-size locals-size ! ;
  240: 
  241: : check-begin ( list -- )
  242: \ warn if list is not a sublist of locals-list
  243:  locals-list @ sub-list? 0= if
  244:    \ !! print current position
  245:      >stderr ." compiler was overly optimistic about locals at a BEGIN" cr
  246:    \ !! print assumption and reality
  247:  then ;
  248: 
  249: : compile-pushlocal-f ( a-addr -- ) ( run-time: f -- )
  250:     locals-size @ alignlp-f float+ dup locals-size !
  251:     swap !
  252:     postpone f>l ;
  253: 
  254: : compile-pushlocal-d ( a-addr -- ) ( run-time: w1 w2 -- )
  255:     locals-size @ alignlp-w cell+ cell+ dup locals-size !
  256:     swap !
  257:     postpone swap postpone >l postpone >l ;
  258: 
  259: : compile-pushlocal-c ( a-addr -- ) ( run-time: w -- )
  260:     -1 chars compile-lp+!
  261:     locals-size @ swap !
  262:     postpone lp@ postpone c! ;
  263: 
  264: 7 cells 32 + constant locals-name-size \ 32-char name + fields + wiggle room
  265: 
  266: : create-local1 ( "name" -- a-addr )
  267:     create
  268:     immediate restrict
  269:     here 0 , ( place for the offset ) ;
  270: 
  271: variable dict-execute-dp \ the special dp for DICT-EXECUTE
  272: 
  273: 0 value dict-execute-ude \ USABLE-DICTIONARY-END during DICT-EXECUTE
  274: 
  275: : dict-execute1 ( ... addr1 addr2 xt -- ... )
  276:     \ execute xt with HERE set to addr1 and USABLE-DICTIONARY-END set to addr2
  277:     dict-execute-dp @ dp 2>r
  278:     dict-execute-ude ['] usable-dictionary-end defer@ 2>r
  279:     swap to dict-execute-ude
  280:     ['] dict-execute-ude is usable-dictionary-end
  281:     swap to dict-execute-dp
  282:     dict-execute-dp dpp !
  283:     catch
  284:     2r> is usable-dictionary-end to dict-execute-ude
  285:     2r> dpp ! dict-execute-dp !
  286:     throw ;
  287: 
  288: defer dict-execute ( ... addr1 addr2 xt -- ... )
  289: 
  290: :noname ( ... addr1 addr2 xt -- ... )
  291:     \ first have a dummy routine, for SOME-CLOCAL etc. below
  292:     nip nip execute ;
  293: is dict-execute
  294: 
  295: : create-local ( " name" -- a-addr )
  296:     \ defines the local "name"; the offset of the local shall be
  297:     \ stored in a-addr
  298:     locals-name-size allocate throw
  299:     dup locals-mem-list prepend-list
  300:     locals-name-size cell /string over + ['] create-local1 dict-execute ;
  301: 
  302: variable locals-dp \ so here's the special dp for locals.
  303: 
  304: : lp-offset ( n1 -- n2 )
  305: \ converts the offset from the frame start to an offset from lp and
  306: \ i.e., the address of the local is lp+locals_size-offset
  307:   locals-size @ swap - ;
  308: 
  309: : lp-offset, ( n -- )
  310: \ converts the offset from the frame start to an offset from lp and
  311: \ adds it as inline argument to a preceding locals primitive
  312:   lp-offset , ;
  313: 
  314: vocabulary locals-types \ this contains all the type specifyers, -- and }
  315: locals-types definitions
  316: 
  317: : W: ( "name" -- a-addr xt ) \ gforth w-colon
  318:     create-local
  319: 	\ xt produces the appropriate locals pushing code when executed
  320: 	['] compile-pushlocal-w
  321:     does> ( Compilation: -- ) ( Run-time: -- w )
  322:         \ compiles a local variable access
  323: 	@ lp-offset compile-@local ;
  324: 
  325: : W^ ( "name" -- a-addr xt ) \ gforth w-caret
  326:     create-local
  327: 	['] compile-pushlocal-w
  328:     does> ( Compilation: -- ) ( Run-time: -- w )
  329: 	postpone laddr# @ lp-offset, ;
  330: 
  331: : F: ( "name" -- a-addr xt ) \ gforth f-colon
  332:     create-local
  333: 	['] compile-pushlocal-f
  334:     does> ( Compilation: -- ) ( Run-time: -- w )
  335: 	@ lp-offset compile-f@local ;
  336: 
  337: : F^ ( "name" -- a-addr xt ) \ gforth f-caret
  338:     create-local
  339: 	['] compile-pushlocal-f
  340:     does> ( Compilation: -- ) ( Run-time: -- w )
  341: 	postpone laddr# @ lp-offset, ;
  342: 
  343: : D: ( "name" -- a-addr xt ) \ gforth d-colon
  344:     create-local
  345: 	['] compile-pushlocal-d
  346:     does> ( Compilation: -- ) ( Run-time: -- w )
  347: 	postpone laddr# @ lp-offset, postpone 2@ ;
  348: 
  349: : D^ ( "name" -- a-addr xt ) \ gforth d-caret
  350:     create-local
  351: 	['] compile-pushlocal-d
  352:     does> ( Compilation: -- ) ( Run-time: -- w )
  353: 	postpone laddr# @ lp-offset, ;
  354: 
  355: : C: ( "name" -- a-addr xt ) \ gforth c-colon
  356:     create-local
  357: 	['] compile-pushlocal-c
  358:     does> ( Compilation: -- ) ( Run-time: -- w )
  359: 	postpone laddr# @ lp-offset, postpone c@ ;
  360: 
  361: : C^ ( "name" -- a-addr xt ) \ gforth c-caret
  362:     create-local
  363: 	['] compile-pushlocal-c
  364:     does> ( Compilation: -- ) ( Run-time: -- w )
  365: 	postpone laddr# @ lp-offset, ;
  366: 
  367: \ you may want to make comments in a locals definitions group:
  368: ' \ alias \ ( compilation 'ccc<newline>' -- ; run-time -- ) \ core-ext,block-ext backslash
  369: \G Comment till the end of the line if @code{BLK} contains 0 (i.e.,
  370: \G while not loading a block), parse and discard the remainder of the
  371: \G parse area. Otherwise, parse and discard all subsequent characters
  372: \G in the parse area corresponding to the current line.
  373: immediate
  374: 
  375: ' ( alias ( ( compilation 'ccc<close-paren>' -- ; run-time -- ) \ core,file	paren
  376: \G Comment, usually till the next @code{)}: parse and discard all
  377: \G subsequent characters in the parse area until ")" is
  378: \G encountered. During interactive input, an end-of-line also acts as
  379: \G a comment terminator. For file input, it does not; if the
  380: \G end-of-file is encountered whilst parsing for the ")" delimiter,
  381: \G Gforth will generate a warning.
  382: immediate
  383: 
  384: forth definitions
  385: also locals-types
  386:     
  387: \ these "locals" are used for comparison in TO
  388: c: some-clocal 2drop
  389: d: some-dlocal 2drop
  390: f: some-flocal 2drop
  391: w: some-wlocal 2drop
  392: 
  393: ' dict-execute1 is dict-execute \ now the real thing
  394:     
  395: \ the following gymnastics are for declaring locals without type specifier.
  396: \ we exploit a feature of our dictionary: every wordlist
  397: \ has it's own methods for finding words etc.
  398: \ So we create a vocabulary new-locals, that creates a 'w:' local named x
  399: \ when it is asked if it contains x.
  400: 
  401: : new-locals-find ( caddr u w -- nfa )
  402: \ this is the find method of the new-locals vocabulary
  403: \ make a new local with name caddr u; w is ignored
  404: \ the returned nfa denotes a word that produces what W: produces
  405: \ !! do the whole thing without nextname
  406:     drop nextname
  407:     ['] W: >head-noprim ;
  408: 
  409: previous
  410: 
  411: : new-locals-reveal ( -- )
  412:   true abort" this should not happen: new-locals-reveal" ;
  413: 
  414: create new-locals-map ( -- wordlist-map )
  415: ' new-locals-find A,
  416: ' new-locals-reveal A,
  417: ' drop A, \ rehash method
  418: ' drop A,
  419: 
  420: new-locals-map mappedwordlist Constant new-locals-wl
  421: 
  422: \ slowvoc @
  423: \ slowvoc on
  424: \ vocabulary new-locals
  425: \ slowvoc !
  426: \ new-locals-map ' new-locals >body wordlist-map A! \ !! use special access words
  427: 
  428: \ and now, finally, the user interface words
  429: : { ( -- latestxt wid 0 ) \ gforth open-brace
  430:     latestxt get-current
  431:     get-order new-locals-wl swap 1+ set-order
  432:     also locals definitions locals-types
  433:     0 TO locals-wordlist
  434:     0 postpone [ ; immediate
  435: 
  436: locals-types definitions
  437: 
  438: : } ( latestxt wid 0 a-addr1 xt1 ... -- ) \ gforth close-brace
  439:     \ ends locals definitions
  440:     ]
  441:     begin
  442: 	dup
  443:     while
  444: 	execute
  445:     repeat
  446:     drop
  447:     locals-size @ alignlp-f locals-size ! \ the strictest alignment
  448:     previous previous
  449:     set-current lastcfa !
  450:     locals-list 0 wordlist-id - TO locals-wordlist ;
  451: 
  452: : -- ( addr wid 0 ... -- ) \ gforth dash-dash
  453:     }
  454:     [char] } parse 2drop ;
  455: 
  456: forth definitions
  457: 
  458: \ A few thoughts on automatic scopes for locals and how they can be
  459: \ implemented:
  460: 
  461: \ We have to combine locals with the control structures. My basic idea
  462: \ was to start the life of a local at the declaration point. The life
  463: \ would end at any control flow join (THEN, BEGIN etc.) where the local
  464: \ is lot live on both input flows (note that the local can still live in
  465: \ other, later parts of the control flow). This would make a local live
  466: \ as long as you expected and sometimes longer (e.g. a local declared in
  467: \ a BEGIN..UNTIL loop would still live after the UNTIL).
  468: 
  469: \ The following example illustrates the problems of this approach:
  470: 
  471: \ { z }
  472: \ if
  473: \   { x }
  474: \ begin
  475: \   { y }
  476: \ [ 1 cs-roll ] then
  477: \   ...
  478: \ until
  479: 
  480: \ x lives only until the BEGIN, but the compiler does not know this
  481: \ until it compiles the UNTIL (it can deduce it at the THEN, because at
  482: \ that point x lives in no thread, but that does not help much). This is
  483: \ solved by optimistically assuming at the BEGIN that x lives, but
  484: \ warning at the UNTIL that it does not. The user is then responsible
  485: \ for checking that x is only used where it lives.
  486: 
  487: \ The produced code might look like this (leaving out alignment code):
  488: 
  489: \ >l ( z )
  490: \ ?branch <then>
  491: \ >l ( x )
  492: \ <begin>:
  493: \ >l ( y )
  494: \ lp+!# 8 ( RIP: x,y )
  495: \ <then>:
  496: \ ...
  497: \ lp+!# -4 ( adjust lp to <begin> state )
  498: \ ?branch <begin>
  499: \ lp+!# 4 ( undo adjust )
  500: 
  501: \ The BEGIN problem also has another incarnation:
  502: 
  503: \ AHEAD
  504: \ BEGIN
  505: \   x
  506: \ [ 1 CS-ROLL ] THEN
  507: \   { x }
  508: \   ...
  509: \ UNTIL
  510: 
  511: \ should be legal: The BEGIN is not a control flow join in this case,
  512: \ since it cannot be entered from the top; therefore the definition of x
  513: \ dominates the use. But the compiler processes the use first, and since
  514: \ it does not look ahead to notice the definition, it will complain
  515: \ about it. Here's another variation of this problem:
  516: 
  517: \ IF
  518: \   { x }
  519: \ ELSE
  520: \   ...
  521: \ AHEAD
  522: \ BEGIN
  523: \   x
  524: \ [ 2 CS-ROLL ] THEN
  525: \   ...
  526: \ UNTIL
  527: 
  528: \ In this case x is defined before the use, and the definition dominates
  529: \ the use, but the compiler does not know this until it processes the
  530: \ UNTIL. So what should the compiler assume does live at the BEGIN, if
  531: \ the BEGIN is not a control flow join? The safest assumption would be
  532: \ the intersection of all locals lists on the control flow
  533: \ stack. However, our compiler assumes that the same variables are live
  534: \ as on the top of the control flow stack. This covers the following case:
  535: 
  536: \ { x }
  537: \ AHEAD
  538: \ BEGIN
  539: \   x
  540: \ [ 1 CS-ROLL ] THEN
  541: \   ...
  542: \ UNTIL
  543: 
  544: \ If this assumption is too optimistic, the compiler will warn the user.
  545: 
  546: \ Implementation:
  547: 
  548: \ explicit scoping
  549: 
  550: : scope ( compilation  -- scope ; run-time  -- ) \ gforth
  551:     cs-push-part scopestart ; immediate
  552: 
  553: : adjust-locals-list ( wid -- )
  554:     locals-list @ common-list
  555:     dup list-size adjust-locals-size
  556:     locals-list ! ;
  557: 
  558: : endscope ( compilation scope -- ; run-time  -- ) \ gforth
  559:     scope?
  560:     drop  adjust-locals-list ; immediate
  561: 
  562: \ adapt the hooks
  563: 
  564: : locals-:-hook ( sys -- sys addr xt n )
  565:     \ addr is the nfa of the defined word, xt its xt
  566:     DEFERS :-hook
  567:     latest latestxt
  568:     clear-leave-stack
  569:     0 locals-size !
  570:     0 locals-list !
  571:     dead-code off
  572:     defstart ;
  573: 
  574: [IFDEF] free-old-local-names
  575: :noname ( -- )
  576:     locals-mem-list @ free-list
  577:     0 locals-mem-list ! ;
  578: is free-old-local-names
  579: [THEN]
  580: 
  581: : locals-;-hook ( sys addr xt sys -- sys )
  582:     def?
  583:     0 TO locals-wordlist
  584:     0 adjust-locals-size ( not every def ends with an exit )
  585:     lastcfa ! last !
  586:     DEFERS ;-hook ;
  587: 
  588: \ THEN (another control flow from before joins the current one):
  589: \ The new locals-list is the intersection of the current locals-list and
  590: \ the orig-local-list. The new locals-size is the (alignment-adjusted)
  591: \ size of the new locals-list. The following code is generated:
  592: \ lp+!# (current-locals-size - orig-locals-size)
  593: \ <then>:
  594: \ lp+!# (orig-locals-size - new-locals-size)
  595: 
  596: \ Of course "lp+!# 0" is not generated. Still this is admittedly a bit
  597: \ inefficient, e.g. if there is a locals declaration between IF and
  598: \ ELSE. However, if ELSE generates an appropriate "lp+!#" before the
  599: \ branch, there will be none after the target <then>.
  600: 
  601: : (then-like) ( orig -- )
  602:     dead-orig =
  603:     if
  604: 	>resolve drop
  605:     else
  606:         dead-code @
  607:         if
  608: 	    >resolve set-locals-size-list dead-code off
  609: 	else \ both live
  610: 	    over list-size adjust-locals-size
  611: 	    >resolve
  612: 	    adjust-locals-list
  613: 	then
  614:     then ;
  615: 
  616: : (begin-like) ( -- )
  617:     dead-code @ if
  618: 	\ set up an assumption of the locals visible here.  if the
  619: 	\ users want something to be visible, they have to declare
  620: 	\ that using ASSUME-LIVE
  621: 	backedge-locals @ set-locals-size-list
  622:     then
  623:     dead-code off ;
  624: 
  625: \ AGAIN (the current control flow joins another, earlier one):
  626: \ If the dest-locals-list is not a subset of the current locals-list,
  627: \ issue a warning (see below). The following code is generated:
  628: \ lp+!# (current-local-size - dest-locals-size)
  629: \ branch <begin>
  630: 
  631: : (again-like) ( dest -- addr )
  632:     over list-size adjust-locals-size
  633:     swap check-begin  POSTPONE unreachable ;
  634: 
  635: \ UNTIL (the current control flow may join an earlier one or continue):
  636: \ Similar to AGAIN. The new locals-list and locals-size are the current
  637: \ ones. The following code is generated:
  638: \ ?branch-lp+!# <begin> (current-local-size - dest-locals-size)
  639: 
  640: : (until-like) ( list addr xt1 xt2 -- )
  641:     \ list and addr are a fragment of a cs-item
  642:     \ xt1 is the conditional branch without lp adjustment, xt2 is with
  643:     >r >r
  644:     locals-size @ 2 pick list-size - dup if ( list dest-addr adjustment )
  645: 	r> drop r> compile,
  646: 	swap <resolve ( list adjustment ) ,
  647:     else ( list dest-addr adjustment )
  648: 	drop
  649: 	r> compile, <resolve
  650: 	r> drop
  651:     then ( list )
  652:     check-begin ;
  653: 
  654: : (exit-like) ( -- )
  655:     0 adjust-locals-size ;
  656: 
  657: ' locals-:-hook IS :-hook
  658: ' locals-;-hook IS ;-hook
  659: 
  660: 
  661: ' (then-like)  IS then-like
  662: ' (begin-like) IS begin-like
  663: ' (again-like) IS again-like
  664: ' (until-like) IS until-like
  665: ' (exit-like)  IS exit-like
  666: 
  667: \ The words in the locals dictionary space are not deleted until the end
  668: \ of the current word. This is a bit too conservative, but very simple.
  669: 
  670: \ There are a few cases to consider: (see above)
  671: 
  672: \ after AGAIN, AHEAD, EXIT (the current control flow is dead):
  673: \ We have to special-case the above cases against that. In this case the
  674: \ things above are not control flow joins. Everything should be taken
  675: \ over from the live flow. No lp+!# is generated.
  676: 
  677: \ About warning against uses of dead locals. There are several options:
  678: 
  679: \ 1) Do not complain (After all, this is Forth;-)
  680: 
  681: \ 2) Additional restrictions can be imposed so that the situation cannot
  682: \ arise; the programmer would have to introduce explicit scoping
  683: \ declarations in cases like the above one. I.e., complain if there are
  684: \ locals that are live before the BEGIN but not before the corresponding
  685: \ AGAIN (replace DO etc. for BEGIN and UNTIL etc. for AGAIN).
  686: 
  687: \ 3) The real thing: i.e. complain, iff a local lives at a BEGIN, is
  688: \ used on a path starting at the BEGIN, and does not live at the
  689: \ corresponding AGAIN. This is somewhat hard to implement. a) How does
  690: \ the compiler know when it is working on a path starting at a BEGIN
  691: \ (consider "{ x } if begin [ 1 cs-roll ] else x endif again")? b) How
  692: \ is the usage info stored?
  693: 
  694: \ For now I'll resort to alternative 2. When it produces warnings they
  695: \ will often be spurious, but warnings should be rare. And better
  696: \ spurious warnings now and then than days of bug-searching.
  697: 
  698: \ Explicit scoping of locals is implemented by cs-pushing the current
  699: \ locals-list and -size (and an unused cell, to make the size equal to
  700: \ the other entries) at the start of the scope, and restoring them at
  701: \ the end of the scope to the intersection, like THEN does.
  702: 
  703: 
  704: \ And here's finally the ANS standard stuff
  705: 
  706: : (local) ( addr u -- ) \ local paren-local-paren
  707:     \ a little space-inefficient, but well deserved ;-)
  708:     \ In exchange, there are no restrictions whatsoever on using (local)
  709:     \ as long as you use it in a definition
  710:     dup
  711:     if
  712: 	nextname POSTPONE { [ also locals-types ] W: } [ previous ]
  713:     else
  714: 	2drop
  715:     endif ;
  716: 
  717: : >definer ( xt -- definer ) \ gforth
  718:     \G @var{Definer} is a unique identifier for the way the @var{xt}
  719:     \G was defined.  Words defined with different @code{does>}-codes
  720:     \G have different definers.  The definer can be used for
  721:     \G comparison and in @code{definer!}.
  722:     dup >does-code
  723:     ?dup-if
  724: 	nip 1 or
  725:     else
  726: 	>code-address
  727:     then ;
  728: 
  729: : definer! ( definer xt -- ) \ gforth
  730:     \G The word represented by @var{xt} changes its behaviour to the
  731:     \G behaviour associated with @var{definer}.
  732:     over 1 and if
  733: 	swap [ 1 invert ] literal and does-code!
  734:     else
  735: 	code-address!
  736:     then ;
  737: 
  738: : (int-to) ( xt -- ) dup >definer
  739:     case
  740: 	[ ' locals-wordlist ] literal >definer \ value
  741: 	of  >body ! endof
  742: 	[ ' parse-name ] literal >definer \ defer
  743: 	of  defer! endof
  744: 	-&32 throw
  745:     endcase ;
  746: 
  747: : (comp-to) ( xt -- ) dup >definer
  748:     case
  749: 	[ ' locals-wordlist ] literal >definer \ value
  750: 	OF >body POSTPONE Aliteral POSTPONE ! ENDOF
  751: 	[ ' parse-name ] literal >definer \ defer
  752: 	OF POSTPONE Aliteral POSTPONE defer! ENDOF
  753: 	\ !! dependent on c: etc. being does>-defining words
  754: 	\ this works, because >definer uses >does-code in this case,
  755: 	\ which produces a relocatable address
  756: 	[ comp' some-clocal drop ] literal >definer
  757: 	OF POSTPONE laddr# >body @ lp-offset, POSTPONE c! ENDOF
  758: 	[ comp' some-wlocal drop ] literal >definer
  759: 	OF POSTPONE laddr# >body @ lp-offset, POSTPONE ! ENDOF
  760: 	[ comp' some-dlocal drop ] literal >definer
  761: 	OF POSTPONE laddr# >body @ lp-offset, POSTPONE 2! ENDOF
  762: 	[ comp' some-flocal drop ] literal >definer
  763: 	OF POSTPONE laddr# >body @ lp-offset, POSTPONE f! ENDOF
  764: 	-&32 throw
  765:     endcase ;
  766: 
  767: :noname
  768:     ' (int-to) ;
  769: :noname
  770:     comp' drop (comp-to) ;
  771: interpret/compile: TO ( c|w|d|r "name" -- ) \ core-ext,local
  772: 
  773: : locals| ( ... "name ..." -- ) \ local-ext locals-bar
  774:     \ don't use 'locals|'! use '{'! A portable and free '{'
  775:     \ implementation is compat/anslocals.fs
  776:     BEGIN
  777: 	name 2dup s" |" str= 0=
  778:     WHILE
  779: 	(local)
  780:     REPEAT
  781:     drop 0 (local) ; immediate restrict

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