1: GNU Free Documentation License
2: Version 1.1, March 2000
3:
4: Copyright (C) 2000 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
5: 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA
6: Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
7: of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.
8:
9:
10: 0. PREAMBLE
11:
12: The purpose of this License is to make a manual, textbook, or other
13: written document "free" in the sense of freedom: to assure everyone
14: the effective freedom to copy and redistribute it, with or without
15: modifying it, either commercially or noncommercially. Secondarily,
16: this License preserves for the author and publisher a way to get
17: credit for their work, while not being considered responsible for
18: modifications made by others.
19:
20: This License is a kind of "copyleft", which means that derivative
21: works of the document must themselves be free in the same sense. It
22: complements the GNU General Public License, which is a copyleft
23: license designed for free software.
24:
25: We have designed this License in order to use it for manuals for free
26: software, because free software needs free documentation: a free
27: program should come with manuals providing the same freedoms that the
28: software does. But this License is not limited to software manuals;
29: it can be used for any textual work, regardless of subject matter or
30: whether it is published as a printed book. We recommend this License
31: principally for works whose purpose is instruction or reference.
32:
33:
34: 1. APPLICABILITY AND DEFINITIONS
35:
36: This License applies to any manual or other work that contains a
37: notice placed by the copyright holder saying it can be distributed
38: under the terms of this License. The "Document", below, refers to any
39: such manual or work. Any member of the public is a licensee, and is
40: addressed as "you".
41:
42: A "Modified Version" of the Document means any work containing the
43: Document or a portion of it, either copied verbatim, or with
44: modifications and/or translated into another language.
45:
46: A "Secondary Section" is a named appendix or a front-matter section of
47: the Document that deals exclusively with the relationship of the
48: publishers or authors of the Document to the Document's overall subject
49: (or to related matters) and contains nothing that could fall directly
50: within that overall subject. (For example, if the Document is in part a
51: textbook of mathematics, a Secondary Section may not explain any
52: mathematics.) The relationship could be a matter of historical
53: connection with the subject or with related matters, or of legal,
54: commercial, philosophical, ethical or political position regarding
55: them.
56:
57: The "Invariant Sections" are certain Secondary Sections whose titles
58: are designated, as being those of Invariant Sections, in the notice
59: that says that the Document is released under this License.
60:
61: The "Cover Texts" are certain short passages of text that are listed,
62: as Front-Cover Texts or Back-Cover Texts, in the notice that says that
63: the Document is released under this License.
64:
65: A "Transparent" copy of the Document means a machine-readable copy,
66: represented in a format whose specification is available to the
67: general public, whose contents can be viewed and edited directly and
68: straightforwardly with generic text editors or (for images composed of
69: pixels) generic paint programs or (for drawings) some widely available
70: drawing editor, and that is suitable for input to text formatters or
71: for automatic translation to a variety of formats suitable for input
72: to text formatters. A copy made in an otherwise Transparent file
73: format whose markup has been designed to thwart or discourage
74: subsequent modification by readers is not Transparent. A copy that is
75: not "Transparent" is called "Opaque".
76:
77: Examples of suitable formats for Transparent copies include plain
78: ASCII without markup, Texinfo input format, LaTeX input format, SGML
79: or XML using a publicly available DTD, and standard-conforming simple
80: HTML designed for human modification. Opaque formats include
81: PostScript, PDF, proprietary formats that can be read and edited only
82: by proprietary word processors, SGML or XML for which the DTD and/or
83: processing tools are not generally available, and the
84: machine-generated HTML produced by some word processors for output
85: purposes only.
86:
87: The "Title Page" means, for a printed book, the title page itself,
88: plus such following pages as are needed to hold, legibly, the material
89: this License requires to appear in the title page. For works in
90: formats which do not have any title page as such, "Title Page" means
91: the text near the most prominent appearance of the work's title,
92: preceding the beginning of the body of the text.
93:
94:
95: 2. VERBATIM COPYING
96:
97: You may copy and distribute the Document in any medium, either
98: commercially or noncommercially, provided that this License, the
99: copyright notices, and the license notice saying this License applies
100: to the Document are reproduced in all copies, and that you add no other
101: conditions whatsoever to those of this License. You may not use
102: technical measures to obstruct or control the reading or further
103: copying of the copies you make or distribute. However, you may accept
104: compensation in exchange for copies. If you distribute a large enough
105: number of copies you must also follow the conditions in section 3.
106:
107: You may also lend copies, under the same conditions stated above, and
108: you may publicly display copies.
109:
110:
111: 3. COPYING IN QUANTITY
112:
113: If you publish printed copies of the Document numbering more than 100,
114: and the Document's license notice requires Cover Texts, you must enclose
115: the copies in covers that carry, clearly and legibly, all these Cover
116: Texts: Front-Cover Texts on the front cover, and Back-Cover Texts on
117: the back cover. Both covers must also clearly and legibly identify
118: you as the publisher of these copies. The front cover must present
119: the full title with all words of the title equally prominent and
120: visible. You may add other material on the covers in addition.
121: Copying with changes limited to the covers, as long as they preserve
122: the title of the Document and satisfy these conditions, can be treated
123: as verbatim copying in other respects.
124:
125: If the required texts for either cover are too voluminous to fit
126: legibly, you should put the first ones listed (as many as fit
127: reasonably) on the actual cover, and continue the rest onto adjacent
128: pages.
129:
130: If you publish or distribute Opaque copies of the Document numbering
131: more than 100, you must either include a machine-readable Transparent
132: copy along with each Opaque copy, or state in or with each Opaque copy
133: a publicly-accessible computer-network location containing a complete
134: Transparent copy of the Document, free of added material, which the
135: general network-using public has access to download anonymously at no
136: charge using public-standard network protocols. If you use the latter
137: option, you must take reasonably prudent steps, when you begin
138: distribution of Opaque copies in quantity, to ensure that this
139: Transparent copy will remain thus accessible at the stated location
140: until at least one year after the last time you distribute an Opaque
141: copy (directly or through your agents or retailers) of that edition to
142: the public.
143:
144: It is requested, but not required, that you contact the authors of the
145: Document well before redistributing any large number of copies, to give
146: them a chance to provide you with an updated version of the Document.
147:
148:
149: 4. MODIFICATIONS
150:
151: You may copy and distribute a Modified Version of the Document under
152: the conditions of sections 2 and 3 above, provided that you release
153: the Modified Version under precisely this License, with the Modified
154: Version filling the role of the Document, thus licensing distribution
155: and modification of the Modified Version to whoever possesses a copy
156: of it. In addition, you must do these things in the Modified Version:
157:
158: A. Use in the Title Page (and on the covers, if any) a title distinct
159: from that of the Document, and from those of previous versions
160: (which should, if there were any, be listed in the History section
161: of the Document). You may use the same title as a previous version
162: if the original publisher of that version gives permission.
163: B. List on the Title Page, as authors, one or more persons or entities
164: responsible for authorship of the modifications in the Modified
165: Version, together with at least five of the principal authors of the
166: Document (all of its principal authors, if it has less than five).
167: C. State on the Title page the name of the publisher of the
168: Modified Version, as the publisher.
169: D. Preserve all the copyright notices of the Document.
170: E. Add an appropriate copyright notice for your modifications
171: adjacent to the other copyright notices.
172: F. Include, immediately after the copyright notices, a license notice
173: giving the public permission to use the Modified Version under the
174: terms of this License, in the form shown in the Addendum below.
175: G. Preserve in that license notice the full lists of Invariant Sections
176: and required Cover Texts given in the Document's license notice.
177: H. Include an unaltered copy of this License.
178: I. Preserve the section entitled "History", and its title, and add to
179: it an item stating at least the title, year, new authors, and
180: publisher of the Modified Version as given on the Title Page. If
181: there is no section entitled "History" in the Document, create one
182: stating the title, year, authors, and publisher of the Document as
183: given on its Title Page, then add an item describing the Modified
184: Version as stated in the previous sentence.
185: J. Preserve the network location, if any, given in the Document for
186: public access to a Transparent copy of the Document, and likewise
187: the network locations given in the Document for previous versions
188: it was based on. These may be placed in the "History" section.
189: You may omit a network location for a work that was published at
190: least four years before the Document itself, or if the original
191: publisher of the version it refers to gives permission.
192: K. In any section entitled "Acknowledgements" or "Dedications",
193: preserve the section's title, and preserve in the section all the
194: substance and tone of each of the contributor acknowledgements
195: and/or dedications given therein.
196: L. Preserve all the Invariant Sections of the Document,
197: unaltered in their text and in their titles. Section numbers
198: or the equivalent are not considered part of the section titles.
199: M. Delete any section entitled "Endorsements". Such a section
200: may not be included in the Modified Version.
201: N. Do not retitle any existing section as "Endorsements"
202: or to conflict in title with any Invariant Section.
203:
204: If the Modified Version includes new front-matter sections or
205: appendices that qualify as Secondary Sections and contain no material
206: copied from the Document, you may at your option designate some or all
207: of these sections as invariant. To do this, add their titles to the
208: list of Invariant Sections in the Modified Version's license notice.
209: These titles must be distinct from any other section titles.
210:
211: You may add a section entitled "Endorsements", provided it contains
212: nothing but endorsements of your Modified Version by various
213: parties--for example, statements of peer review or that the text has
214: been approved by an organization as the authoritative definition of a
215: standard.
216:
217: You may add a passage of up to five words as a Front-Cover Text, and a
218: passage of up to 25 words as a Back-Cover Text, to the end of the list
219: of Cover Texts in the Modified Version. Only one passage of
220: Front-Cover Text and one of Back-Cover Text may be added by (or
221: through arrangements made by) any one entity. If the Document already
222: includes a cover text for the same cover, previously added by you or
223: by arrangement made by the same entity you are acting on behalf of,
224: you may not add another; but you may replace the old one, on explicit
225: permission from the previous publisher that added the old one.
226:
227: The author(s) and publisher(s) of the Document do not by this License
228: give permission to use their names for publicity for or to assert or
229: imply endorsement of any Modified Version.
230:
231:
232: 5. COMBINING DOCUMENTS
233:
234: You may combine the Document with other documents released under this
235: License, under the terms defined in section 4 above for modified
236: versions, provided that you include in the combination all of the
237: Invariant Sections of all of the original documents, unmodified, and
238: list them all as Invariant Sections of your combined work in its
239: license notice.
240:
241: The combined work need only contain one copy of this License, and
242: multiple identical Invariant Sections may be replaced with a single
243: copy. If there are multiple Invariant Sections with the same name but
244: different contents, make the title of each such section unique by
245: adding at the end of it, in parentheses, the name of the original
246: author or publisher of that section if known, or else a unique number.
247: Make the same adjustment to the section titles in the list of
248: Invariant Sections in the license notice of the combined work.
249:
250: In the combination, you must combine any sections entitled "History"
251: in the various original documents, forming one section entitled
252: "History"; likewise combine any sections entitled "Acknowledgements",
253: and any sections entitled "Dedications". You must delete all sections
254: entitled "Endorsements."
255:
256:
257: 6. COLLECTIONS OF DOCUMENTS
258:
259: You may make a collection consisting of the Document and other documents
260: released under this License, and replace the individual copies of this
261: License in the various documents with a single copy that is included in
262: the collection, provided that you follow the rules of this License for
263: verbatim copying of each of the documents in all other respects.
264:
265: You may extract a single document from such a collection, and distribute
266: it individually under this License, provided you insert a copy of this
267: License into the extracted document, and follow this License in all
268: other respects regarding verbatim copying of that document.
269:
270:
271: 7. AGGREGATION WITH INDEPENDENT WORKS
272:
273: A compilation of the Document or its derivatives with other separate
274: and independent documents or works, in or on a volume of a storage or
275: distribution medium, does not as a whole count as a Modified Version
276: of the Document, provided no compilation copyright is claimed for the
277: compilation. Such a compilation is called an "aggregate", and this
278: License does not apply to the other self-contained works thus compiled
279: with the Document, on account of their being thus compiled, if they
280: are not themselves derivative works of the Document.
281:
282: If the Cover Text requirement of section 3 is applicable to these
283: copies of the Document, then if the Document is less than one quarter
284: of the entire aggregate, the Document's Cover Texts may be placed on
285: covers that surround only the Document within the aggregate.
286: Otherwise they must appear on covers around the whole aggregate.
287:
288:
289: 8. TRANSLATION
290:
291: Translation is considered a kind of modification, so you may
292: distribute translations of the Document under the terms of section 4.
293: Replacing Invariant Sections with translations requires special
294: permission from their copyright holders, but you may include
295: translations of some or all Invariant Sections in addition to the
296: original versions of these Invariant Sections. You may include a
297: translation of this License provided that you also include the
298: original English version of this License. In case of a disagreement
299: between the translation and the original English version of this
300: License, the original English version will prevail.
301:
302:
303: 9. TERMINATION
304:
305: You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Document except
306: as expressly provided for under this License. Any other attempt to
307: copy, modify, sublicense or distribute the Document is void, and will
308: automatically terminate your rights under this License. However,
309: parties who have received copies, or rights, from you under this
310: License will not have their licenses terminated so long as such
311: parties remain in full compliance.
312:
313:
314: 10. FUTURE REVISIONS OF THIS LICENSE
315:
316: The Free Software Foundation may publish new, revised versions
317: of the GNU Free Documentation License from time to time. Such new
318: versions will be similar in spirit to the present version, but may
319: differ in detail to address new problems or concerns. See
320: http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/.
321:
322: Each version of the License is given a distinguishing version number.
323: If the Document specifies that a particular numbered version of this
324: License "or any later version" applies to it, you have the option of
325: following the terms and conditions either of that specified version or
326: of any later version that has been published (not as a draft) by the
327: Free Software Foundation. If the Document does not specify a version
328: number of this License, you may choose any version ever published (not
329: as a draft) by the Free Software Foundation.
330:
331:
332: ADDENDUM: How to use this License for your documents
333:
334: To use this License in a document you have written, include a copy of
335: the License in the document and put the following copyright and
336: license notices just after the title page:
337:
338: Copyright (c) YEAR YOUR NAME.
339: Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
340: under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.1
341: or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation;
342: with the Invariant Sections being LIST THEIR TITLES, with the
343: Front-Cover Texts being LIST, and with the Back-Cover Texts being LIST.
344: A copy of the license is included in the section entitled "GNU
345: Free Documentation License".
346:
347: If you have no Invariant Sections, write "with no Invariant Sections"
348: instead of saying which ones are invariant. If you have no
349: Front-Cover Texts, write "no Front-Cover Texts" instead of
350: "Front-Cover Texts being LIST"; likewise for Back-Cover Texts.
351:
352: If your document contains nontrivial examples of program code, we
353: recommend releasing these examples in parallel under your choice of
354: free software license, such as the GNU General Public License,
355: to permit their use in free software.
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