version 1.19, 1995/10/16 18:33:08
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version 1.24, 1995/11/15 17:29:07
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Line 9
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@ifinfo |
@ifinfo |
This file documents Gforth 0.1 |
This file documents Gforth 0.1 |
|
|
Copyright @copyright{} 1994 Gforth Development Group |
Copyright @copyright{} 1995 Free Software Foundation, Inc. |
|
|
Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of |
Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of |
this manual provided the copyright notice and this permission notice |
this manual provided the copyright notice and this permission notice |
Line 36 Copyright @copyright{} 1994 Gforth Devel
|
Line 36 Copyright @copyright{} 1994 Gforth Devel
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of in the original English. |
of in the original English. |
@end ifinfo |
@end ifinfo |
|
|
|
@finalout |
@titlepage |
@titlepage |
@sp 10 |
@sp 10 |
@center @titlefont{Gforth Manual} |
@center @titlefont{Gforth Manual} |
Line 49 Copyright @copyright{} 1994 Gforth Devel
|
Line 50 Copyright @copyright{} 1994 Gforth Devel
|
@comment The following two commands start the copyright page. |
@comment The following two commands start the copyright page. |
@page |
@page |
@vskip 0pt plus 1filll |
@vskip 0pt plus 1filll |
Copyright @copyright{} 1994 Gforth Development Group |
Copyright @copyright{} 1995 Free Software Foundation, Inc. |
|
|
@comment !! Published by ... or You can get a copy of this manual ... |
@comment !! Published by ... or You can get a copy of this manual ... |
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Line 75 Copyright @copyright{} 1994 Gforth Devel
|
Line 76 Copyright @copyright{} 1994 Gforth Devel
|
@node Top, License, (dir), (dir) |
@node Top, License, (dir), (dir) |
@ifinfo |
@ifinfo |
Gforth is a free implementation of ANS Forth available on many |
Gforth is a free implementation of ANS Forth available on many |
personal machines. This manual corresponds to version 0.0. |
personal machines. This manual corresponds to version 0.1. |
@end ifinfo |
@end ifinfo |
|
|
@menu |
@menu |
Line 95 personal machines. This manual correspon
|
Line 96 personal machines. This manual correspon
|
@end menu |
@end menu |
|
|
@node License, Goals, Top, Top |
@node License, Goals, Top, Top |
@unnumbered License |
@unnumbered GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE |
!! Insert GPL here |
@center Version 2, June 1991 |
|
|
|
@display |
|
Copyright @copyright{} 1989, 1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc. |
|
675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA |
|
|
|
Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies |
|
of this license document, but changing it is not allowed. |
|
@end display |
|
|
|
@unnumberedsec Preamble |
|
|
|
The licenses for most software are designed to take away your |
|
freedom to share and change it. By contrast, the GNU General Public |
|
License is intended to guarantee your freedom to share and change free |
|
software---to make sure the software is free for all its users. This |
|
General Public License applies to most of the Free Software |
|
Foundation's software and to any other program whose authors commit to |
|
using it. (Some other Free Software Foundation software is covered by |
|
the GNU Library General Public License instead.) You can apply it to |
|
your programs, too. |
|
|
|
When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom, not |
|
price. Our General Public Licenses are designed to make sure that you |
|
have the freedom to distribute copies of free software (and charge for |
|
this service if you wish), that you receive source code or can get it |
|
if you want it, that you can change the software or use pieces of it |
|
in new free programs; and that you know you can do these things. |
|
|
|
To protect your rights, we need to make restrictions that forbid |
|
anyone to deny you these rights or to ask you to surrender the rights. |
|
These restrictions translate to certain responsibilities for you if you |
|
distribute copies of the software, or if you modify it. |
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|
For example, if you distribute copies of such a program, whether |
|
gratis or for a fee, you must give the recipients all the rights that |
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you have. You must make sure that they, too, receive or can get the |
|
source code. And you must show them these terms so they know their |
|
rights. |
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|
|
We protect your rights with two steps: (1) copyright the software, and |
|
(2) offer you this license which gives you legal permission to copy, |
|
distribute and/or modify the software. |
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|
Also, for each author's protection and ours, we want to make certain |
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that everyone understands that there is no warranty for this free |
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software. If the software is modified by someone else and passed on, we |
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want its recipients to know that what they have is not the original, so |
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that any problems introduced by others will not reflect on the original |
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authors' reputations. |
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|
Finally, any free program is threatened constantly by software |
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patents. We wish to avoid the danger that redistributors of a free |
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program will individually obtain patent licenses, in effect making the |
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program proprietary. To prevent this, we have made it clear that any |
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patent must be licensed for everyone's free use or not licensed at all. |
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|
|
The precise terms and conditions for copying, distribution and |
|
modification follow. |
|
|
@iftex |
@iftex |
|
@unnumberedsec TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR COPYING, DISTRIBUTION AND MODIFICATION |
|
@end iftex |
|
@ifinfo |
|
@center TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR COPYING, DISTRIBUTION AND MODIFICATION |
|
@end ifinfo |
|
|
|
@enumerate 0 |
|
@item |
|
This License applies to any program or other work which contains |
|
a notice placed by the copyright holder saying it may be distributed |
|
under the terms of this General Public License. The ``Program'', below, |
|
refers to any such program or work, and a ``work based on the Program'' |
|
means either the Program or any derivative work under copyright law: |
|
that is to say, a work containing the Program or a portion of it, |
|
either verbatim or with modifications and/or translated into another |
|
language. (Hereinafter, translation is included without limitation in |
|
the term ``modification''.) Each licensee is addressed as ``you''. |
|
|
|
Activities other than copying, distribution and modification are not |
|
covered by this License; they are outside its scope. The act of |
|
running the Program is not restricted, and the output from the Program |
|
is covered only if its contents constitute a work based on the |
|
Program (independent of having been made by running the Program). |
|
Whether that is true depends on what the Program does. |
|
|
|
@item |
|
You may copy and distribute verbatim copies of the Program's |
|
source code as you receive it, in any medium, provided that you |
|
conspicuously and appropriately publish on each copy an appropriate |
|
copyright notice and disclaimer of warranty; keep intact all the |
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notices that refer to this License and to the absence of any warranty; |
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and give any other recipients of the Program a copy of this License |
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along with the Program. |
|
|
|
You may charge a fee for the physical act of transferring a copy, and |
|
you may at your option offer warranty protection in exchange for a fee. |
|
|
|
@item |
|
You may modify your copy or copies of the Program or any portion |
|
of it, thus forming a work based on the Program, and copy and |
|
distribute such modifications or work under the terms of Section 1 |
|
above, provided that you also meet all of these conditions: |
|
|
|
@enumerate a |
|
@item |
|
You must cause the modified files to carry prominent notices |
|
stating that you changed the files and the date of any change. |
|
|
|
@item |
|
You must cause any work that you distribute or publish, that in |
|
whole or in part contains or is derived from the Program or any |
|
part thereof, to be licensed as a whole at no charge to all third |
|
parties under the terms of this License. |
|
|
|
@item |
|
If the modified program normally reads commands interactively |
|
when run, you must cause it, when started running for such |
|
interactive use in the most ordinary way, to print or display an |
|
announcement including an appropriate copyright notice and a |
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notice that there is no warranty (or else, saying that you provide |
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a warranty) and that users may redistribute the program under |
|
these conditions, and telling the user how to view a copy of this |
|
License. (Exception: if the Program itself is interactive but |
|
does not normally print such an announcement, your work based on |
|
the Program is not required to print an announcement.) |
|
@end enumerate |
|
|
|
These requirements apply to the modified work as a whole. If |
|
identifiable sections of that work are not derived from the Program, |
|
and can be reasonably considered independent and separate works in |
|
themselves, then this License, and its terms, do not apply to those |
|
sections when you distribute them as separate works. But when you |
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distribute the same sections as part of a whole which is a work based |
|
on the Program, the distribution of the whole must be on the terms of |
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this License, whose permissions for other licensees extend to the |
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entire whole, and thus to each and every part regardless of who wrote it. |
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|
|
Thus, it is not the intent of this section to claim rights or contest |
|
your rights to work written entirely by you; rather, the intent is to |
|
exercise the right to control the distribution of derivative or |
|
collective works based on the Program. |
|
|
|
In addition, mere aggregation of another work not based on the Program |
|
with the Program (or with a work based on the Program) on a volume of |
|
a storage or distribution medium does not bring the other work under |
|
the scope of this License. |
|
|
|
@item |
|
You may copy and distribute the Program (or a work based on it, |
|
under Section 2) in object code or executable form under the terms of |
|
Sections 1 and 2 above provided that you also do one of the following: |
|
|
|
@enumerate a |
|
@item |
|
Accompany it with the complete corresponding machine-readable |
|
source code, which must be distributed under the terms of Sections |
|
1 and 2 above on a medium customarily used for software interchange; or, |
|
|
|
@item |
|
Accompany it with a written offer, valid for at least three |
|
years, to give any third party, for a charge no more than your |
|
cost of physically performing source distribution, a complete |
|
machine-readable copy of the corresponding source code, to be |
|
distributed under the terms of Sections 1 and 2 above on a medium |
|
customarily used for software interchange; or, |
|
|
|
@item |
|
Accompany it with the information you received as to the offer |
|
to distribute corresponding source code. (This alternative is |
|
allowed only for noncommercial distribution and only if you |
|
received the program in object code or executable form with such |
|
an offer, in accord with Subsection b above.) |
|
@end enumerate |
|
|
|
The source code for a work means the preferred form of the work for |
|
making modifications to it. For an executable work, complete source |
|
code means all the source code for all modules it contains, plus any |
|
associated interface definition files, plus the scripts used to |
|
control compilation and installation of the executable. However, as a |
|
special exception, the source code distributed need not include |
|
anything that is normally distributed (in either source or binary |
|
form) with the major components (compiler, kernel, and so on) of the |
|
operating system on which the executable runs, unless that component |
|
itself accompanies the executable. |
|
|
|
If distribution of executable or object code is made by offering |
|
access to copy from a designated place, then offering equivalent |
|
access to copy the source code from the same place counts as |
|
distribution of the source code, even though third parties are not |
|
compelled to copy the source along with the object code. |
|
|
|
@item |
|
You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Program |
|
except as expressly provided under this License. Any attempt |
|
otherwise to copy, modify, sublicense or distribute the Program is |
|
void, and will automatically terminate your rights under this License. |
|
However, parties who have received copies, or rights, from you under |
|
this License will not have their licenses terminated so long as such |
|
parties remain in full compliance. |
|
|
|
@item |
|
You are not required to accept this License, since you have not |
|
signed it. However, nothing else grants you permission to modify or |
|
distribute the Program or its derivative works. These actions are |
|
prohibited by law if you do not accept this License. Therefore, by |
|
modifying or distributing the Program (or any work based on the |
|
Program), you indicate your acceptance of this License to do so, and |
|
all its terms and conditions for copying, distributing or modifying |
|
the Program or works based on it. |
|
|
|
@item |
|
Each time you redistribute the Program (or any work based on the |
|
Program), the recipient automatically receives a license from the |
|
original licensor to copy, distribute or modify the Program subject to |
|
these terms and conditions. You may not impose any further |
|
restrictions on the recipients' exercise of the rights granted herein. |
|
You are not responsible for enforcing compliance by third parties to |
|
this License. |
|
|
|
@item |
|
If, as a consequence of a court judgment or allegation of patent |
|
infringement or for any other reason (not limited to patent issues), |
|
conditions are imposed on you (whether by court order, agreement or |
|
otherwise) that contradict the conditions of this License, they do not |
|
excuse you from the conditions of this License. If you cannot |
|
distribute so as to satisfy simultaneously your obligations under this |
|
License and any other pertinent obligations, then as a consequence you |
|
may not distribute the Program at all. For example, if a patent |
|
license would not permit royalty-free redistribution of the Program by |
|
all those who receive copies directly or indirectly through you, then |
|
the only way you could satisfy both it and this License would be to |
|
refrain entirely from distribution of the Program. |
|
|
|
If any portion of this section is held invalid or unenforceable under |
|
any particular circumstance, the balance of the section is intended to |
|
apply and the section as a whole is intended to apply in other |
|
circumstances. |
|
|
|
It is not the purpose of this section to induce you to infringe any |
|
patents or other property right claims or to contest validity of any |
|
such claims; this section has the sole purpose of protecting the |
|
integrity of the free software distribution system, which is |
|
implemented by public license practices. Many people have made |
|
generous contributions to the wide range of software distributed |
|
through that system in reliance on consistent application of that |
|
system; it is up to the author/donor to decide if he or she is willing |
|
to distribute software through any other system and a licensee cannot |
|
impose that choice. |
|
|
|
This section is intended to make thoroughly clear what is believed to |
|
be a consequence of the rest of this License. |
|
|
|
@item |
|
If the distribution and/or use of the Program is restricted in |
|
certain countries either by patents or by copyrighted interfaces, the |
|
original copyright holder who places the Program under this License |
|
may add an explicit geographical distribution limitation excluding |
|
those countries, so that distribution is permitted only in or among |
|
countries not thus excluded. In such case, this License incorporates |
|
the limitation as if written in the body of this License. |
|
|
|
@item |
|
The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new versions |
|
of the General Public License from time to time. Such new versions will |
|
be similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ in detail to |
|
address new problems or concerns. |
|
|
|
Each version is given a distinguishing version number. If the Program |
|
specifies a version number of this License which applies to it and ``any |
|
later version'', you have the option of following the terms and conditions |
|
either of that version or of any later version published by the Free |
|
Software Foundation. If the Program does not specify a version number of |
|
this License, you may choose any version ever published by the Free Software |
|
Foundation. |
|
|
|
@item |
|
If you wish to incorporate parts of the Program into other free |
|
programs whose distribution conditions are different, write to the author |
|
to ask for permission. For software which is copyrighted by the Free |
|
Software Foundation, write to the Free Software Foundation; we sometimes |
|
make exceptions for this. Our decision will be guided by the two goals |
|
of preserving the free status of all derivatives of our free software and |
|
of promoting the sharing and reuse of software generally. |
|
|
|
@iftex |
|
@heading NO WARRANTY |
|
@end iftex |
|
@ifinfo |
|
@center NO WARRANTY |
|
@end ifinfo |
|
|
|
@item |
|
BECAUSE THE PROGRAM IS LICENSED FREE OF CHARGE, THERE IS NO WARRANTY |
|
FOR THE PROGRAM, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW. EXCEPT WHEN |
|
OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND/OR OTHER PARTIES |
|
PROVIDE THE PROGRAM ``AS IS'' WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED |
|
OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF |
|
MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. THE ENTIRE RISK AS |
|
TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE PROGRAM IS WITH YOU. SHOULD THE |
|
PROGRAM PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME THE COST OF ALL NECESSARY SERVICING, |
|
REPAIR OR CORRECTION. |
|
|
|
@item |
|
IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN WRITING |
|
WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MAY MODIFY AND/OR |
|
REDISTRIBUTE THE PROGRAM AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR DAMAGES, |
|
INCLUDING ANY GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING |
|
OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE PROGRAM (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED |
|
TO LOSS OF DATA OR DATA BEING RENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY |
|
YOU OR THIRD PARTIES OR A FAILURE OF THE PROGRAM TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER |
|
PROGRAMS), EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE |
|
POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES. |
|
@end enumerate |
|
|
|
@iftex |
|
@heading END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS |
|
@end iftex |
|
@ifinfo |
|
@center END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS |
|
@end ifinfo |
|
|
|
@page |
|
@unnumberedsec How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs |
|
|
|
If you develop a new program, and you want it to be of the greatest |
|
possible use to the public, the best way to achieve this is to make it |
|
free software which everyone can redistribute and change under these terms. |
|
|
|
To do so, attach the following notices to the program. It is safest |
|
to attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively |
|
convey the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least |
|
the ``copyright'' line and a pointer to where the full notice is found. |
|
|
|
@smallexample |
|
@var{one line to give the program's name and a brief idea of what it does.} |
|
Copyright (C) 19@var{yy} @var{name of author} |
|
|
|
This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify |
|
it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by |
|
the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or |
|
(at your option) any later version. |
|
|
|
This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, |
|
but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of |
|
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the |
|
GNU General Public License for more details. |
|
|
|
You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License |
|
along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software |
|
Foundation, Inc., 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. |
|
@end smallexample |
|
|
|
Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail. |
|
|
|
If the program is interactive, make it output a short notice like this |
|
when it starts in an interactive mode: |
|
|
|
@smallexample |
|
Gnomovision version 69, Copyright (C) 19@var{yy} @var{name of author} |
|
Gnomovision comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details |
|
type `show w'. |
|
This is free software, and you are welcome to redistribute it |
|
under certain conditions; type `show c' for details. |
|
@end smallexample |
|
|
|
The hypothetical commands @samp{show w} and @samp{show c} should show |
|
the appropriate parts of the General Public License. Of course, the |
|
commands you use may be called something other than @samp{show w} and |
|
@samp{show c}; they could even be mouse-clicks or menu items---whatever |
|
suits your program. |
|
|
|
You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or your |
|
school, if any, to sign a ``copyright disclaimer'' for the program, if |
|
necessary. Here is a sample; alter the names: |
|
|
|
@smallexample |
|
Yoyodyne, Inc., hereby disclaims all copyright interest in the program |
|
`Gnomovision' (which makes passes at compilers) written by James Hacker. |
|
|
|
@var{signature of Ty Coon}, 1 April 1989 |
|
Ty Coon, President of Vice |
|
@end smallexample |
|
|
|
This General Public License does not permit incorporating your program into |
|
proprietary programs. If your program is a subroutine library, you may |
|
consider it more useful to permit linking proprietary applications with the |
|
library. If this is what you want to do, use the GNU Library General |
|
Public License instead of this License. |
|
|
|
@iftex |
|
@node Preface |
|
@comment node-name, next, previous, up |
@unnumbered Preface |
@unnumbered Preface |
|
@cindex Preface |
This manual documents Gforth. The reader is expected to know |
This manual documents Gforth. The reader is expected to know |
Forth. This manual is primarily a reference manual. @xref{Other Books} |
Forth. This manual is primarily a reference manual. @xref{Other Books} |
for introductory material. |
for introductory material. |
Line 167 can also get it from Global Engineering
|
Line 559 can also get it from Global Engineering
|
for publication is available electronically and for free in some MS Word |
for publication is available electronically and for free in some MS Word |
format, and it has been converted to HTML. Some pointers to these |
format, and it has been converted to HTML. Some pointers to these |
versions can be found through |
versions can be found through |
http://www.complang.tuwien.ac.at/projects/forth.html. |
@*@file{http://www.complang.tuwien.ac.at/projects/forth.html}. |
|
|
@cite{Forth: The new model} by Jack Woehr (!! Publisher) is an |
@cite{Forth: The new model} by Jack Woehr (Prentice-Hall, 1993) is an |
introductory book based on a draft version of the standard. It does not |
introductory book based on a draft version of the standard. It does not |
cover the whole standard. It also contains interesting background |
cover the whole standard. It also contains interesting background |
information (Jack Woehr was in the ANS Forth Technical Committe). It is |
information (Jack Woehr was in the ANS Forth Technical Committe). It is |
Line 200 line. They are:
|
Line 592 line. They are:
|
|
|
@table @code |
@table @code |
@item --image-file @var{file} |
@item --image-file @var{file} |
|
@item -i @var{file} |
Loads the Forth image @var{file} instead of the default |
Loads the Forth image @var{file} instead of the default |
@file{gforth.fi}. |
@file{gforth.fi}. |
|
|
@item --path @var{path} |
@item --path @var{path} |
|
@item -p @var{path} |
Uses @var{path} for searching the image file and Forth source code |
Uses @var{path} for searching the image file and Forth source code |
files instead of the default in the environment variable |
files instead of the default in the environment variable |
@code{GFORTHPATH} or the path specified at installation time (typically |
@code{GFORTHPATH} or the path specified at installation time (typically |
Line 252 Forth words, you have to quote them or u
|
Line 646 Forth words, you have to quote them or u
|
after processing the command line (instead of entering interactive mode) |
after processing the command line (instead of entering interactive mode) |
append @code{-e bye} to the command line. |
append @code{-e bye} to the command line. |
|
|
|
If you have several versions of Gforth installed, @code{gforth} will |
|
invoke the version that was installed last. @code{gforth-@var{version}} |
|
invokes a specific version. You may want to use the option |
|
@code{--path}, if your environment contains the variable |
|
@code{GFORTHPATH}. |
|
|
Not yet implemented: |
Not yet implemented: |
On startup the system first executes the system initialization file |
On startup the system first executes the system initialization file |
(unless the option @code{--no-init-file} is given; note that the system |
(unless the option @code{--no-init-file} is given; note that the system |
Line 1044 laden with restrictions. Therefore, we p
|
Line 1444 laden with restrictions. Therefore, we p
|
locals wordset, but also our own, more powerful locals wordset (we |
locals wordset, but also our own, more powerful locals wordset (we |
implemented the ANS Forth locals wordset through our locals wordset). |
implemented the ANS Forth locals wordset through our locals wordset). |
|
|
|
The ideas in this section have also been published in the paper |
|
@cite{Automatic Scoping of Local Variables} by M. Anton Ertl, presented |
|
at EuroForth '94; it is available at |
|
@*@file{http://www.complang.tuwien.ac.at/papers/ertl94l.ps.gz}. |
|
|
@menu |
@menu |
* Gforth locals:: |
* Gforth locals:: |
* ANS Forth locals:: |
* ANS Forth locals:: |
Line 2810 file:
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Line 3215 file:
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Reading this section is not necessary for programming with Gforth. It |
Reading this section is not necessary for programming with Gforth. It |
should be helpful for finding your way in the Gforth sources. |
should be helpful for finding your way in the Gforth sources. |
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The ideas in this section have also been published in the papers |
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@cite{ANS fig/GNU/??? Forth} (in German) by Bernd Paysan, presented at |
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the Forth-Tagung '93 and @cite{A Portable Forth Engine} by M. Anton |
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Ertl, presented at EuroForth '93; the latter is available at |
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@*@file{http://www.complang.tuwien.ac.at/papers/ertl93.ps.Z}. |
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@menu |
@menu |
* Portability:: |
* Portability:: |
* Threading:: |
* Threading:: |
Line 3211 We used four small benchmarks: the ubiqu
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Line 3622 We used four small benchmarks: the ubiqu
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matrix multiplication come from the Stanford integer benchmarks and have |
matrix multiplication come from the Stanford integer benchmarks and have |
been translated into Forth by Martin Fraeman; we used the versions |
been translated into Forth by Martin Fraeman; we used the versions |
included in the TILE Forth package; and a recursive Fibonacci number |
included in the TILE Forth package; and a recursive Fibonacci number |
computation for benchmark calling performance. The following table shows |
computation for benchmarking calling performance. The following table shows |
the time taken for the benchmarks scaled by the time taken by Gforth (in |
the time taken for the benchmarks scaled by the time taken by Gforth (in |
other words, it shows the speedup factor that Gforth achieved over the |
other words, it shows the speedup factor that Gforth achieved over the |
other systems). |
other systems). |
Line 3248 machine registers by itself and would no
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Line 3659 machine registers by itself and would no
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register declarations, giving a 1.3 times slower engine (on a 486DX2/66 |
register declarations, giving a 1.3 times slower engine (on a 486DX2/66 |
running the Sieve) than the one measured above. |
running the Sieve) than the one measured above. |
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The numbers in this section have also been published in the paper |
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@cite{Translating Forth to Efficient C} by M. Anton Ertl and Martin |
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Maierhofer, presented at EuroForth '95. It is available at |
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@*@file{http://www.complang.tuwien.ac.at/papers/ertl&maierhofer95.ps.gz}; |
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it also contains numbers for some native code systems. You can find |
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numbers for Gforth on various machines in @file{Benchres}. |
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@node Bugs, Pedigree, Internals, Top |
@node Bugs, Pedigree, Internals, Top |
@chapter Bugs |
@chapter Bugs |
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Known bugs are described in the file BUGS in the Gforth distribution. |
Known bugs are described in the file BUGS in the Gforth distribution. |
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If you find a bug, please send a bug report to !!. A bug report should |
If you find a bug, please send a bug report to |
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@code{gforth-bugs@@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at}. A bug report should |
describe the Gforth version used (it is announced at the start of an |
describe the Gforth version used (it is announced at the start of an |
interactive Gforth session), the machine and operating system (on Unix |
interactive Gforth session), the machine and operating system (on Unix |
systems you can use @code{uname -a} to produce this information), the |
systems you can use @code{uname -a} to produce this information), the |
installation options (!! a way to find them out), and a complete list of |
installation options (send the @code{config.status} file), and a |
changes you (or your installer) have made to the Gforth sources (if |
complete list of changes you (or your installer) have made to the Gforth |
any); it should contain a program (or a sequence of keyboard commands) |
sources (if any); it should contain a program (or a sequence of keyboard |
that reproduces the bug and a description of what you think constitutes |
commands) that reproduces the bug and a description of what you think |
the buggy behaviour. |
constitutes the buggy behaviour. |
|
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For a thorough guide on reporting bugs read @ref{Bug Reporting, , How |
For a thorough guide on reporting bugs read @ref{Bug Reporting, , How |
to Report Bugs, gcc.info, GNU C Manual}. |
to Report Bugs, gcc.info, GNU C Manual}. |
Line 3271 to Report Bugs, gcc.info, GNU C Manual}.
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Line 3690 to Report Bugs, gcc.info, GNU C Manual}.
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@chapter Pedigree |
@chapter Pedigree |
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Gforth descends from BigForth (1993) and fig-Forth. Gforth and PFE (by |
Gforth descends from BigForth (1993) and fig-Forth. Gforth and PFE (by |
Dirk Zoller) will cross-fertilize each other. Of course, a significant part of the design of Gforth was prescribed by ANS Forth. |
Dirk Zoller) will cross-fertilize each other. Of course, a significant |
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part of the design of Gforth was prescribed by ANS Forth. |
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Bernd Paysan wrote BigForth, a child of VolksForth. |
Bernd Paysan wrote BigForth, a descendent from TurboForth, an unreleased |
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32 bit native code version of VolksForth for the Atari ST, written |
VolksForth descends from F83. !! Authors? When? |
mostly by Dietrich Weineck. |
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VolksForth descends from F83. It was written by Klaus Schleisiek, Bernd |
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Pennemann, Georg Rehfeld and Dietrich Weineck for the C64 (called |
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UltraForth there) in the mid-80s and ported to the Atari ST in 1986. |
|
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Laxen and Perry wrote F83 as a model implementation of the |
Laxen and Perry wrote F83 as a model implementation of the |
Forth-83 standard. !! Pedigree? When? |
Forth-83 standard. !! Pedigree? When? |
|
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A team led by Bill Ragsdale implemented fig-Forth on many processors in |
A team led by Bill Ragsdale implemented fig-Forth on many processors in |
1979. Dean Sanderson and Bill Ragsdale developed the original |
1979. Robert Selzer and Bill Ragsdale developed the original |
implementation of fig-Forth based on microForth. |
implementation of fig-Forth for the 6502 based on microForth. |
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The principal architect of microForth was Dean Sanderson. microForth was |
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FORTH, Inc.'s first off-the-shelf product. It was developped in 1976 for |
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the 1802, and subsequently implemented on the 8080, the 6800 and the |
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Z80. |
|
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!! microForth pedigree |
All earlier Forth systems were custom-made, usually by Charles Moore, |
|
who discovered (as he puts it) Forth in the late 60s. |
|
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A part of the information in this section comes from @cite{The Evolution |
A part of the information in this section comes from @cite{The Evolution |
of Forth} by Elizabeth D. Rather, Donald R. Colburn and Charles |
of Forth} by Elizabeth D. Rather, Donald R. Colburn and Charles |